In developed countries as well as in developing countries, thoracic surgery is a complicated procedure in terms of both surgery and anesthesia. Pediatric patient who underwent thoracic surgery; It includes special procedures for surgeons, anesthesiologists, pulmonologists and intensive care physicians. Anesthesia for surgery in children; It should preserve physiological stability, reduce surgical trauma to the lungs, and provide postoperative analgesia. In these interventions, in addition to the risks of a major operation, problems related to position and thoracotomy also arise. The general condition of the patient, comorbidities, protection of the healthy lung from secretion and blood, and lung collapse are some of the problems encountered. Many physiological changes also occur in these patients.