Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a significant disease causing morbidity and mortality in children in developed and developing countries. This review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of viral pneumonia in children. Pneumonitis, which includes bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, is typically associated with fever, respiratory symptoms, and evidence of parenchymal involvement. Virus-induced pneumonia is the most common cause, particularly in children under five years old. Bacterial pneumonia is predominant in neonatal and pneumonia over five years old. However, due to limited serologic sensitivity, low specificity of diagnostic techniques, and lack of access to immunofluorescence microscopy, a significant proportion of cases have not been identified. The incidence and hospitalization of childhood pneumonia vary geographically, with developed countries having an annual incidence of 3.3 per 1000 in children under five years and 1.45 per 1000 in children aged 0 to 16 years.