Release Date: 2024-06-19

Viral Pneumonia in Children

Mahmut Olcay (Author)

Release Date: 2024-06-19

Abnormal wound healing of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an inappropriate wound healing response following lung injury, leading to excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are central players in the fibrotic process, these cells proliferate and produce large amounts of collagen and other matrix components, contributing to [...]

Media Type
    Buy from

    Price may vary by retailers

    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inPediatric Chest Infection
    First Page149
    Last Page162
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359463.15
    Page Count14
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

    Abnormal wound healing of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an inappropriate wound healing response following lung injury, leading to excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are central players in the fibrotic process, these cells proliferate and produce large amounts of collagen and other matrix components, contributing to the stiffening of lung tissue. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells, adding to the fibroblast population and promoting fibrosis. Mutations in genes related to telomere maintenance (e.g., TERT, TERC) and surfactant proteins (e.g., SFTPC, SFTPA2) have been implicated in familial and sporadic cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Environmental triggers as cigarette smoking, a well-established risk factor that can exacerbate lung damage and fibrosis; occupational exposures like contact with certain dusts, such as metal and wood dust, and agricultural chemicals may increase the risk. Chronic viral infections have been suggested as potential triggers for the fibrotic process.
    Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the hallmark histopathological pattern of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis characterized by patchy fibrosis with areas of fibrosis interspersed with relatively normal lung tissue; honeycombing with formation of cystic spaces, typically subpleural and paraseptal, lined by bronchiolar epithelium; fibroblastic foci displaying clusters of proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts at the edges of fibrotic areas, indicating active disease; temporal and spatial heterogeneity revealing presence of lesions at different stages of development within the same lung, reflecting ongoing fibrotic activity.

    Mahmut Olcay (Author)
    Dicle University
    https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3768-442X
    3Researcher of Pediatrics Dr. Mahmut Olçay, completed medical school at Dicle University between 2010-2017. He worked in the pediatric emergency unit in the first 3 years of the profession. He have been working in the pediatrics department of dicle university faculty of medicine since 2021 in terms of pediatric specialty training.

    • Harbarth S, Sudre P, Dharan S, et al. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:598.

    • Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:e25.

    • Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax 2011; 66 Suppl 2:ii1.

    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Herpes simplex. In: Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd ed, Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH (Eds), American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, IL 2021. p.407.

    • Nagamori T, Koyano S, Asai Y, et al. Sequential changes in pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response in a disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. J Clin Virol 2012; 53:265.

    • Kohl S, West MS, Prober CG, et al. Neonatal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic antibody levels are associated with the clinical presentation of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:770.

    • Sonoda M, Ishimura M, Eguchi K, et al. Prognostic factors for survival of herpes simplex virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Int J Hematol 2020; 111:131.

    • Mareri A, Lasorella S, Iapadre G, ve diğerleri. Konjenital sitomegalovirüs enfeksiyonu için antiviral tedavi: farmakokinetik, etkinlik ve yan etkiler. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:1657.

    • Rabinowicz S, Somech R, Yeshayahu Y. SCID’li Bir Bebekte CMV Tedavisi Sırasında Foscarnet’e Bağlı Hiperkalsemi: Bir Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 39:e173.

    • Ottolini MG, Porter DD, Hemming VG, et al. Effectiveness of RSVIG prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus in an immunosuppressed animal model. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:41.

    • Boeckh M, Berrey MM, Bowden RA, et al. Phase 1 evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:350.

    • No authors listed 2024 Feb 15. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. PMID: 32401466

    • Leruez-Ville M, Minard V, Lacaille F, et al. Real-time blood plasma polymerase chain reaction for management of disseminated adenovirus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:45.

    • Neofytos D, Ojha A, Mookerjee B, et al. Treatment of adenovirus disease in stem cell transplant recipients with cidofovir. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13:74.

    • Myers GD, Bollard CM, Wu MF, et al. Reconstitution of adenovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:677.

    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Non-HIV antiviral Drugs. In: Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 32nd ed, Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH (Eds), American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, IL 2021. p.930.

    • Kimberlin DW, Acosta EP, Prichard MN, et al. Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics, dosing, and resistance among children aged <2 years with influenza. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:709.

    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2011-2012. Pediatrics 2011; 128:813.

    • McPherson C, Warner B, Hunstad DA, et al. Oseltamivir dosing in premature infants. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:847.

    • US Food and Drug Administration. MedWatch Safety Alert. Relenza (zanamivir) inhalation powder www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ ucm186081.htm (Accessed on September 06, 2011).

    • Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) prescribing information. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised August 2022. Available online at: https://www.accessdata.fda. gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm (Accessed on August 16, 2022).

    • Chiotos K, Hayes M, Kimberlin DW, et al. Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:34.

    • Ansems K, Grundeis F, Dahms K, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8:CD014962.

    • Liu E, Smyth RL, Li Q, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and management of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:4019.

    • Fact sheet for healthcare providers. Emergency use authorization for actemra (tocilizumab). https:// www.fda.gov/media/150321/download (Accessed on January 09, 2023).

    onix_3.0::thothThoth ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::project_museProject MUSE ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::oapenOAPEN ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::jstorJSTOR ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::google_booksGoogle Books ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::overdriveOverDrive ONIX 3.0
    onix_2.1::ebsco_hostEBSCO Host ONIX 2.1
    csv::thothThoth CSV
    json::thothThoth JSON
    kbart::oclcOCLC KBART
    bibtex::thothThoth BibTeX
    doideposit::crossrefCrossRef DOI deposit
    onix_2.1::proquest_ebraryProQuest Ebrary ONIX 2.1
    marc21record::thothThoth MARC 21 Record
    marc21markup::thothThoth MARC 21 Markup
    marc21xml::thothThoth MARC 21 XML

    Share This Chapter!