Hydatid cyst infection of the lung is a chronic disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, prevalent in rural and livestock-raising areas. The parasite, residing in dogs’ intestines, can infect humans through contaminated feces, leading to cysts in various organs, primarily the liver and lungs. Diagnosis involves imaging and serological tests, while treatment options include medical, percutaneous, and surgical methods. Anesthesia management is crucial during hydatid cyst surgery due to respiratory system challenges, including side-lying positioning, open pneumothorax, and one-lung ventilation. Preoperative evaluation involves a multidisciplinary team assessing the patient’s medical history, physical condition, and medication use, with a focus on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. During surgery, single lung ventilation techniques are used to prevent cyst content aspiration and reduce complications such as anaphylaxis and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Postoperative complications include prolonged air leak, atelectasis, and empyema, with recurrence rates up to 3.3% and operative mortality not exceeding 2%. Anesthetic management tailored to each patient enhances recovery and minimizes complications.