The gastrointestinal tract is a canal that starts from the mouth and extends to the anus and contains many organs. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion and absorption in the body. Cells in the body need energy and certain nutrients to maintain their functions. The gastrointestinal system is the system in which food is broken down into nutrients and then absorbed to meet the body’s energy needs. The function of this system is to remove waste from the body at the end of the digestive process. It also plays a role in maintaining the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. The gastrointestinal tract has a four-layered structure. Although it may have structural differences depending on the functions of the organs, from the inside to the outside, this channel consists of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The physical examination of the gastrointestinal system consists of five main steps: taking the patient’s history, inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion. In the first step, the nurse gathers information about the patient’s medical history, current complaints, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Next, during the inspection phase, the patient’s abdomen is examined for any discoloration, swelling, scars, or hernias. In the third step, palpation, the nurse gently examines the patient’s abdomen with hands, assessing for tenderness, rigidity, or masses. The fourth step, auscultation, involves using a stethoscope to listen to bowel sounds, evaluating their frequency, intensity, and pattern. Finally, in the percussion phase, the nurse lightly taps the abdomen with their fingertips to assess sounds, identifying any gas or fluid accumulation. This five-step process provides a thorough evaluation of the gastrointestinal system’s health and allows for the early detection of potential issues.