Sexual abuse is defined as using a child who has yet to complete psychosocial development by an adult for sexual stimulation. Although childhood sexual abuse is a devastating life event, it can cause the child to develop an early maladaptive schema towards themselves, their surroundings, and the world. Child victims of childhood sexual abuse may face the detrimental impacts of abuse throughout their lives. In this context, the chapter includes the various types of child sexual abuse, pedophilic abuse, the assessment of the effects of sexual abuse on the child, and it has been developed to address the situation in the world and Turkey.