recent years, diseases caused by fungi in the nose and sinuses have been increasing exponentially. Therefore, fungi are very important for otorhinolaryngologists and have been the subject of many discussions in the literature. The effect of fungi in the upper respiratory tract is not limited to fungal sinusitis. Since fungal sinus disease has a wide spectrum, it is interesting and difficult to understand and manage the disease process. It is very important to differentiate between the variants of fungal sinusitis and to recognise aggressive and fulminant disease. Early diagnosis is the key to successful management of the disease and clinicians often fail in this regard. Further research is needed to understand the immunopathogenesis, risk factors, geographical and occupational predisposing factors and to improve diagnostic methods.