Release Date: 2023-09-14

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Hatice Seyma Akca (Author)

Release Date: 2023-09-14

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. It typically occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also affect those with type 2 diabetes, especially during periods of stress or illness. DKA results from insulin deficiency, leading to an increase in counter-regulatory hormones (e.g., [...]

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Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inCurrent Perspective on Diabetes Mellitus in Clinical Sciences
First Page219
Last Page227
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359111.20
ISBN978-605-335-911-1 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count9
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. It typically occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also affect those with type 2 diabetes, especially during periods of stress or illness. DKA results from insulin deficiency, leading to an increase in counter-regulatory hormones (e.g., glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines) that promote lipolysis and ketogenesis. Clinical presentation includes symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, abdominal pain, vomiting, and altered mental status. Laboratory findings show hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL), ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate). Management focuses on fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, followed by insulin administration to reverse ketogenesis and normalize blood glucose levels gradually. Potassium replacement is crucial due to intracellular shifts and urinary losses. Close monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters guides treatment adjustments, including the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin once DKA resolves. Identification of precipitating factors, such as infections or non-adherence to insulin therapy, is essential to prevent recurrence. Multidisciplinary care involving endocrinologists, emergency physicians, and intensive care specialists ensures comprehensive management and reduces the morbidity associated with DKA.

Hatice Seyma Akca (Author)
Associate Professor, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-9577

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