Release Date: 2024-02-22

The Small Intestine

Gulnihal Deniz (Author), Derya Ozturk Soylemez (Author)

Release Date: 2024-02-22

This section provides a comprehensive overview of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, focusing on their anatomical characteristics, vascularization, innervation, and clinical relevance. The duodenum, the initial segment of the small intestine, is divided into four parts: superior, descending, inferior, and ascending. The inner surface of the duodenum features numerous folds and villi that increase its [...]

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Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inClinical Anatomy of Digestive System a Handbook for Healthcare Professionals
First Page91
Last Page123
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358855.5
ISBN978-605-335-885-5 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count33
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

This section provides a comprehensive overview of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, focusing on their anatomical characteristics, vascularization, innervation, and clinical relevance.
The duodenum, the initial segment of the small intestine, is divided into four parts: superior, descending, inferior, and ascending. The inner surface of the duodenum features numerous folds and villi that increase its surface area for nutrient absorption. Its wall structure comprises several layers, including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The arterial supply to the duodenum includes branches from the Right gastric artery, Supraduodenal artery, Right gastro-omental artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Venous drainage from the duodenum occurs through the splenic (lienal), Superior mesenteric, and Hepatic portal veins. Lymphatic drainage follows a similar path, with lymph nodes along the arteries. Neural innervation of the duodenum involves the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, facilitating the regulation of digestive processes. Clinically, conditions such as duodenal ulcers and obstructions are common issues affecting the duodenum, necessitating a thorough understanding of its anatomy for effective diagnosis and treatment.
Moving to the jejunum and ileum, this section highlights the differences between these two parts of the small intestine. The jejunum, which follows the duodenum, is characterized by a thicker wall, larger diameter, and more prominent circular folds than the ileum. The ileum, the final part of the small intestine, has a thinner wall, smaller diameter, and fewer circular folds. It also features Peyer’s patches, lymphoid tissues crucial for immune function.
The mesentery, a fold of the peritoneum, supports the jejunum and ileum, providing a conduit for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. A notable clinical condition associated with the ileum is the ileal diverticulum (Meckel’s diverticulum), a congenital anomaly that can lead to complications such as bleeding or inflammation.
The wall structure of the small intestine is similar to that of the duodenum, with adaptations that facilitate absorption. Circular folds, or plicae circulares, are prominent in the jejunum and gradually diminish towards the ileum, vital in increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. In clinical practice, understanding the anatomical and functional distinctions between the jejunum and ileum and their common pathologies is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of gastrointestinal disorders.

Gulnihal Deniz (Author)
Assistant Professor, Erzurum Technical University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-8841
3Dr. Gülnihal Deniz completed her undergraduate education in physiotherapy and rehabilitation and earned master’s and doctoral degrees in medical anatomy. She accumulated eight years of experience in the private sector before transitioning to specialize as a physiotherapist in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Fırat University, where she dedicated ten years to clinical practice and research. Since 2021, Dr. Deniz has served as an Assistant Professor at Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. Her academic contributions include numerous publications and numerous national and international conferences. Additionally, she has edited many books and authored chapters. Dr. Deniz’s research interests center on radiological anatomy, gait analysis, spatiotemporal parameters, and brain imaging. She has mainly focused on examining anatomical changes associated with various diseases using advanced imaging methods. Her academic endeavors aim to bridge anatomical sciences with clinical applications, enhancing understanding of disease mechanisms and informing therapeutic strategies in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Dr. Deniz’s commitment to interdisciplinary research underscores her dedication to advancing healthcare practices and educating future professionals in the field.

Derya Ozturk Soylemez (Author)
Sinop University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-7802
3Dr Derya Öztürk Söylemez completed her undergraduate education in the field of nursing. After graduation, she worked as a nurse in a university hospital for 10 years. Meanwhile, Dr Ozturk Soylemez, who continued her master’s and doctoral education, was appointed as a lecturer at Sinop University in 2018. After completing his doctoral education last year, he continues to work as a Dr. Lecturer. Dr Öztürk Söylemez, who attended many conferences and courses during his doctorate and master’s education, is interested in radiological anatomy. She has attended many courses in radiological anatomy. In addition, she wrote her graduation thesis on neurodegenerative diseases. She has made many oral presentations and poster presentations in congresses and symposiums and has book chapters in the field of clinical anatomy. Dr Ozturk Soylemez blends her many years of clinical experience with anatomy and transfers it to undergraduate and associate degree students. And in the future, she plans to intensify her studies on neurodegenerative diseases and radiological anatomy.

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