Febrile Convusions and Child

Febrile convulsions (FC) are seizures associated with fever and are colloquially known as ""febrile seizures"". FC are seizures not associated with central nervous system pathology that are accompanied by a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. It is usually seen in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. It is divided into simple and complex FC. FC is the most common type of seizure in childhood and is more common in boys. It occurs most often around 18 months of age and is usually more common during the winter months.
The cause of FC is not well understood. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and sensitization of the developing nervous system to fever are thought to be etiologic factors. The effect of fever on the nervous system may trigger seizures. During a seizure, the child may experience loss of consciousness, convulsions, difficulty breathing, and sometimes urinary incontinence.The diagnosis of FC is based on clinical findings. A detailed neurological examination, family history, and developmental assessment are important. Complex FC may require additional tests such as EEG, neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture. Epilepsy, central nervous system infections, and other neurologic disorders should be excluded in the differential diagnosis of FC. Simple FC resolves spontaneously within a few minutes and usually does not require treatment. Seizures lasting more than five minutes require urgent medical attention. Treatment includes antipyretic and antiepileptic medications. While simple FC does not require intervention, complex FC may require hospitalization. FCs generally have a good prognosis and do not cause neurological problems. After the first seizure, one third of patients will have another seizure. Nurses play an important role in the diagnosis and management of FC. Safe intervention, family education and patient safety should be ensured. Families should be informed about FC and their anxiety should be reduced.