Vitamins are micronutrients from various food sources that the nervous system needs for proper functioning. Vitamin deficiencies or imbalances can adversely affect neuronal metabolism and lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamins may have therapeutic properties in Parkinson’s disease thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while various water- and fat-soluble vitamins may help prevent amyloid beta and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.