Mediastinal tumors represent a rare category of neoplasms, encompassing a wide spectrum of both benign and malignant conditions. The localization of these tumors within specific mediastinal compartments, coupled with the age of the patient, constitutes critical factors in their differential diagnosis. In adults, mediastinal tumors such as thymoma, teratoma, and lymphoma predominantly manifest in the anterior mediastinum, whereas in pediatric cases, posterior mediastinal tumors, particularly neurogenic tumors, prevail. Often asymptomatic, mediastinal tumors typically manifest symptoms consequent to compression of adjacent organs or due to the paraneoplastic characteristics of the tumors. Surgical excision stands as the primary therapeutic approach for mediastinal tumors. Radiological imaging modalities play an indispensable role in diagnosing mediastinal pathologies, devising treatment strategies, and monitoring post-treatment progress. Among these modalities, chest X-ray (CXR) serves as the initial imaging tool, followed by thoracic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each offering unique advantages in visualizing mediastinal masses and their relationships with adjacent structures.