The genitourinary system includes the organs of the genital and urinary systems. These organs are often grouped together because of their common embryo- logical origin (intermediate mesoderm), their proximity to each other, and the use of common structur- al pathways. The structure and functions of the genitourinary organs must work properly to ensure the functioning of the genitourinary system. A complete health history and detailed physical examination are essential to detect abnormalities that may aff ect the organs and functions of this system, identify abnormal findings, and address current symptoms and problems. A complete history and physical examination of the genitourinary system provides nurses with accurate information about the structure and functions of the organs. This knowledge helps nurses identify potential or actual nursing diagnoses, plan care comprehensively and implement nursing interventions correctly, and evaluate care. This chapter includes the collection of a complete health history of the female and male genitourinary systems as well as the scope, components, and implementation procedures of the physical examination.