Release Date: 2024-01-16

Bacterial Toxins

Reyhan Gul Guven (Author), Kemal Guven (Author)

Release Date: 2024-01-16

In the globalizing world, food safety and food-borne pathogenic microorganisms are among the important public health problems. There are more than 250 known foodborne diseases and many different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals and prions that cause these diseases. Toxic molecules generated by bacteria, whether within or outside the organisms, are commonly referred [...]

Media Type
    Buy from

    Price may vary by retailers

    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inFood Safety
    First Page69
    Last Page85
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358787.5
    LanguageENG
    Page Count17
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing
    In the globalizing world, food safety and food-borne pathogenic microorganisms are among the important public health problems. There are more than 250 known foodborne diseases and many different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals and prions that cause these diseases. Toxic molecules generated by bacteria, whether within or outside the organisms, are commonly referred to as "toxins". Toxins serve as the primary virulence factors generated by a multitude of bacteria responsible for causing severe illnesses in both humans and animals. Toxins are the primary bacterial component leading to health problems. This chapter provides information about bacterial toxins.

    Reyhan Gul Guven (Author)
    Prof. Dr., Dicle University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9438-5447
    3Prof. Dr. Reyhan Gül Güven completed her undergraduate education in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science at Dicle University in 2001 with honors. She completed her master’s degree in 2004 and her doctorate in 2007 at the Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences at Dicle University. In 2006, she conducted research on bacterial identification and enzyme purification at the National Research Council Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR) in Naples, Italy. In 2012, she engaged in postdoctoral studies at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom. She has published articles in national and international journals on topics such as enzyme purification, bacterial identification and biosensors, as well as contributed book chapters and presented numerous papers at national and international platforms.

    Kemal Guven (Author)
    Prof. dr., Dicle University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-3746
    3Kemal GÜVEN is currently a professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics Department in Dicle University, Turkey. He completed his PhD in Nottingham University (England) in 1994 titled “Invertebrate stress responses as molecular biomarkers in ecotoxicology”. He gained research scholarships from some associations such as Royal Society of Britain and CNR-Napoli-Italy. He had studied on a variety of subjects, including stres proteins, transgenic animals, biomarkers, the effects of heavy metals and pesticides, environmental biotechnology, the isolation and identification of thermophilic and petroleum degrading bacteria, the cloning and purification of biotechnologically important thermotolerant enzymes including beta-galactosidases and nitroreductases, and the various effects of nanoparticules on bacteria.

    • Durlu-Özkaya F. Gıda zehirlenmelerinde etken faktörler. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi.2008.65(3):149-158.

    • Kamuran Ayhan. Gıdalarda Mikroorganizma Gelişmesini Etkileyen Faktörler. Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı; Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü yayını. Sim Matbaası, 2000.Ankara 522 s

    • Sochacki K.A., Shkel I.A., Record M.T., Weisshaar J.C. Protein diffusion in the periplasm of E. coli under osmotic stress. Biophys. J. 2011;100:22–31.

    • Cabeen M.T., Jacobs-Wagner C. Bacterial cell shape. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2005;3:601–610.

    • Schulz H.N., Jørgensen B.B. Big acteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2001;55:105–137

    • https://microbiologysociety.org/why-microbiology-matters/what-is-microbiology/bacteria.html(Erişim tarihi:04.11.2023

    • Iriarte MJ, Ugarte JC, Salazar L. Utility of the airbone endotoxins assay in different occupational en 6. Ramachandran G. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis. A brief review. Virulence. 2014;5(1):213-218

    • Romero HS, Iregui CA. El Lipopolisacárido. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria. 2010;19:37-45vironments as a risk indicator by biological agents. Mapfre Medicina. 2001;12(4):234-2

    • Sears CL, Kaper JB. Enteric bacterial toxins: Mechanisms of actions and linkage to intestinal secretion. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 1996;60:167-215.

    • Forbes, J. D. (2020). Clinically important toxins in bacterial infection: Utility of laboratory detection. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, 42(20), 163-170.

    • Janda, J. M., & Abbott, S. L. (The genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clinical microbiology reviews, 2010; 23(1), 35-73.

    • Sağlam, D.,Şeker, E. Food-borne bacterial pathogens. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 2016; 9(2), 105-113.

    • Le Loir,Y., Baron, F. ve Gautier,M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2003;2, 63-76

    • Tutuş, C., Börekçi, D., Parcıklı, G., Temel, F., Sucaklı, M.B. 2013 yılında Muğla ili Marmaris ilçesinde görülen Staphylococcus aureus enterotoksin kaynaklı gıda zehirlenmesinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2015,73(2): 131 – 138.

    • Erol, İ. ve İşeri, Ö. Stafilokokal enterotoksinler. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg, 2004,51, 239-245.

    • Erol, İ. Gıda Hijyeni ve Mikrobiyolojisi. Pozitif Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., 2007;Ankara

    • Popoff MY, Bockemühl J, Gheesling LL. Supplement to the Kauffmann–White scheme. Res Microbiol. 2003; 154(3):173–174

    • Barlow M, Hall BG,. Origin and evolution of the AmpC beta-lactamases of Citrobacterfreundii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:1190-

    • R.G. Ferrari. Worldwide Epidemiology Of Salmonella Serovars In Animal-Based Foods: A Meta-Analysis. Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 2023.

    • Ralph A. Giannella. Chapter 21.Salmonella. Baron S, editor. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 199

    • Liu X., Liu F., Ding S., Shen J., Zhu K. Sublethal levels of antibiotics promote bacterial persistence in epithelial cells. Adv. Sci. 2020.

    • Kimura, K., Yokoyama, STrends in the application of Bacillus in fermented foods. Current opinion in biotechnology, 2019; 56, 36-42..

    • Rigourd V., Barnier J.P., Ferroni A., Nicloux M., Hachem T., Magny J.F., Lapillonne A., Frange P., Nassif X., Bille E. Recent actuality about Bacillus cereus and human milk bank: A new sensitive method for microbiological analysis of pasteurized milk. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2018;37:1297–1303.

    • Zhang Y., Chen J., Feng C., Zhan L., Zhang J., Li Y., Yang Y., Chen H., Zhang Z., Zhang Y., et al. Quantitative prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Bacillus cereus isolated from retail infant foods in China. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2017;14:564–572.

    • Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:7–15.

    • Penner, J.L. The Genus Campylobacter: A decade of progress. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1988; 1, 157–172

    • Engberg J, Aarestrup FM, Taylor DE, et al. Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7(1):24– 34.

    • Young KT, Davis LM, Dirita VJ. Campylobacter jejuni: molecular biology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(9):665–679.

    • Bacon RT, Sofos JN () Characteristics of Biological Hazards in Foods, In: Schmidt RH, Rodrick GE, Editors, Food Safety Handbook, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003;157–195.

    • Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL. Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2:123–140.

    • Mitscherlich E, Marth EH. Microbial Survival in the Environment: Bacteria and Rickettsiae Important in Human and Animal Health. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1984.

    • Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, et al. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:822–880.

    • Garcia A, Fox JG, Besser TE. Zoonotic enterohemorrhagic Eschericia coli: A one health perspective. ILAR J. 2010;51:221–232.

    • ICMSF. Micro-organisms in Foods 5, Characteristics of Microbial Pathogens. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 1

    • Bhunia, A. K. Foodborne microbial pathogens: mechanisms and pathogenesis. 2018,Springer

    • Baron, S. Medical microbiology. Chapter 22. 1996; Shigella .Thomas L. Hale and Gerald T. Keusch

    • Tickell, K. D., Brander, R. L., Atlas, H. E., Pernica, J. M., Walson, J. L., & Pavlinac, P. B. Identification and management of Shigella infection in children with diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 2017; 5(12), e1235-e124

    • Sobel J, Tucker N, Sulka A, McLauchlin J, Maslanka S. Foodborne botulism the United States, 1990- 2000. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 1606-1611

    • FDA, Bad Bug Book, Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins. Second Edition. 2012

    • Farber JM. Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum on inoculated fresh-cut packaged vegetables. J Food Prot 1998; 61: 324-328.

    • Dodd, C. E., Aldsworth, T. G., & Stein, R. A. (Eds.). Foodborne diseases. Academic Press. Chapter 5 – Salmonella. C. Graziani, C. Losasso, I. Luzzi 1, A. Ricci, G. Scavia, P. Pasquali. 2017.

    • Banwart GJ. Basic Food Microbiology. 2nd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall/Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1989; p. 772

    • Dashdorj D, Amna T, Hwang I. Influence of specific taste-active components on meat flavor as affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors: an overview. European Food Research and Technology. 2015;241(2):157-171.

    • Adams MR, Moss MO. Food Microbiology. Guildford, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry; 1995.

    • Akhtar S, Sarker MR, Hossain A. Microbiological food safety: A dilemma of developing societies. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2014;40(4):348-359

    • https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/mod/resource/view.php?id=4786 (Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2023).

    • Kutluay Merdol, T., Beyhan, Y., Ciğerim, N., Sağlam, F., Tayfur, M., Baş, M.,ve Dağ, A., SanitasyonHijyen Eğitimi Rehberi. Hatipoğlu Yayıncılık. 2003. Ankara

    • Valero A, Carrasco E, García-Gimeno RM. Principles and methodologies for the determination of shelf-life in foods. In: Eissa AHA, editor. Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering. Croatia: InTech; 2012; pp. 3-42.

    • https://www.foodsafety.gov/keep-food-safe/4-steps-to-food-safety) (Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2023)

    • Moreno GM, Alejandra A. Higiene alimentaria para la prevención de trastornos digestivos infecciosos y por toxinas. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes. 2010;21(5):749-

    • Oliver MA, Gregory PJ. Soil, food security and human health: A review. European Journal of Soil Science. 2015;66(2):257-

    • Scharff RL, Besser J, Sharp DJ, Jones TF, Peter GS, Hedberg CW. An economic evaluation of PulseNet: A network for foodborne disease surveillance. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016;50(5):S66-S73.

    • Sadilek A, Kaut HA, DiPrete L, Labus B, Portman E, Teitel J, Silenzio V. Deploying nEmesis: Preventing foodborne illness by data mining social media. In: Proceedings of the 28th AAAI Conference on Innovative Applications (IAAI-16); U.S.A:AAAI. 2016;pp.3982-3990

    • Uçar A, Yilmaz MV, Çakıroğlu FP. Food Safety – Problems and Solutions. In: Makun HA, editor. Significance, Prevention and Control of Food Related Diseases. Croatia: InTech; 2016

    • Ramírez-Peña EO. Etiology of acute diarrheal disease: An improved system for monitoring outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Peru. Revista Cuerpo Médico. HNAAA. 2014

    Share This Chapter!