Release Date: 2024-05-28

Alzheimer’s Disease: Link to Biomolecular Mechanisms and Clinical Pathologies

Erdinc Dursun (Author), Duygu Gezen Ak (Author)

Release Date: 2024-05-28

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease involves several interconnected mechanisms that contribute to neuronal dysfunction and brain atrophy. One of the central features of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The resultant Aβ peptides aggregate to form insoluble plaques that disrupt cell-to-cell communication and activate immune responses, leading to inflammation and [...]

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Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inAlzheimer’s Disease From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practices
First Page93
Last Page108
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359166.4
ISBN978-605-335-916-6 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count16
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease involves several interconnected mechanisms that contribute to neuronal dysfunction and brain atrophy. One of the central features of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The resultant Aβ peptides aggregate to form insoluble plaques that disrupt cell-to-cell communication and activate immune responses, leading to inflammation and neuronal damage. Another hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Normally, tau stabilizes microtubules in neurons, which are essential for intracellular transport. In AD, abnormal phosphorylation of tau causes it to detach from microtubules and aggregate into tangles. This process impairs the microtubule network, disrupting axonal transport and leading to neuronal cell death. Neuroinflammation also plays a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Chronic activation of microglia leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can exacerbate neuronal injury and promote further tau pathology.Oxidative stress is another contributing factor in Alzheimer’s disease. This oxidative stress is often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which further impairs cellular energy metabolism and contributes to neuronal death. Additionally, genetic factors play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis involves a multifaceted interplay of amyloid-beta accumulation, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and genetic predispositions. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to slow or halt the progression of this devastating disease. This chapter focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease. It offers an in-depth examination of the pathological changes that occur in the brain, such as the accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and the formation of tau protein tangles. These accumulations disrupt cell function and are considered key indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. The text delves into how amyloid-beta peptides aggregate to form plaques outside neurons, interfering with cell-to-cell communication.

Erdinc Dursun (Author)
Professor, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-6674
3Erdinc DURSUN Born in 1977. Got a B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Biology. Got M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in 2003 and 2009, respectively from Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology. Got the title of Assoc. Prof. in 2014 and Prof. in 2021. Worked at Rutgers, UMDNJ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology / Department of Neuroscience, NJ., USA in 2007 and 2011 as a volunteer researcher. He was the Co-PI of Turkey Stakeholder in (JPND / BIOMARK-ADPD)-FP7, PI: B.Winblad) and the Co-PI of Turkey Stakeholder in ADDIA Program EC Horizon 2020 (H2020-SMEINST-2-2014/#674474). He enabled the launch of plasma biomarkers of dementia and also Prion-RT-QuIC test in Turkey. Is the Co-Director of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Unit which is the only reference laboratory (participated in AAQC) performing CSF biomarker tests in Turkey.

Duygu Gezen Ak (Author)
Professor, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-2111
3Duygu GEZEN AK, Born in 1978. Got a B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Biology. Got M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in 2003 and 2009, respectively from Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology. She was the researcher in (JPND / BIOMARK-ADPD)-FP7, PI: B.Winblad) and in ADDIA Program EC Horizon 2020 (H2020-SMEINST-2-2014/#674474). She enabled the launch of plasma biomarkers of dementia and also Prion-RT-QuIC test in Turkey. She is the Co-Director of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Unit which is the only reference laboratory (participated in AAQC) performing CSF biomarker tests in Turkey.

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