Release Date: 2024-05-28

Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Links

Dildar Konukoglu (Author)

Release Date: 2024-05-28

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are major public health concerns with growing socioeconomic impacts due to increasing life expectancy. AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. T2DM is characterized by insulin [...]

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Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inAlzheimer’s Disease From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practices
First Page209
Last Page257
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359166.10
ISBN978-605-335-916-6 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count49
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are major public health concerns with growing socioeconomic impacts due to increasing life expectancy. AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. T2DM is characterized by insulin secretion defects and insulin resistance, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels and associated vascular complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. In this chapter it has been explaned the strong link between AD and T2DM, despite their apparent differences. Both diseases share risk factors like aging, obesity, apolipoprotein E4 presence, elevated cholesterol, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of T2DM, is increasingly seen as a critical factor in AD development, leading to the concept of "type 3 diabetes." The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function is crucial as cognitive deficits can impair diabetes management and independence. Diabetes-specific risk factors and comorbidities, especially the duration of diabetes, are linked to cognitive dysfunction. Chronic hyperglycemia significantly increases dementia risk, with elevated postprandial glucose levels correlating with more severe cognitive impairment. T2DM patients often have higher plasma levels of Aβ peptides, which are involved in AD pathology. Insulin dysregulation in diabetes may affect Aβ production and clearance, raising extracellular Aβ levels.

Dildar Konukoglu (Author)
Professor, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-264X
3Dildar Konukoğlu was born on April 18, 1963, in Istanbul. She obtained her medical degree from Ege University in 1987. In 1991, she attained the rank of specialist in Medical Biochemistry. In 1995, she was promoted to the position of associate professor of medical biochemistry and, in 2000, to the rank of professor. She is currently a member of the faculty at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty and serves as the director of the Medical Biochemistry Laboratory at Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital. She also holds the role of Chairman of the Environmental Management Unit of Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. Furthermore, she serves as the director of the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Clinical Research Excellence Application and Research Center. She has participated in numerous commissions within the Ministry of Health and currently serves as a member of the Medical Specialty Education Commission. She served as the Head of the Department of Medical Biochemistry from 2016 to 2019. She has advised on 10 postgraduate test projects and participated in 25 completed projects as an executive or researcher. She has published a total of 180 original articles, 130 of which are international. Her WOS H index is 25. She has authored or edited 64 books and has delivered lectures and organized courses at numerous congresses and symposia. Her primary clinical research interests include endocrinology, neurology, nephrology, neonatal metabolic diseases, obesity, and atherosclerosis-related biomolecular mechanisms and pathways. Since 2016, she has served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Association of Clinical Biochemists. She is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Medical Biochemistry. She is married and has a son.

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