Many species extinctions have occurred in the Earth’s history, including five great mass extinctions. The phenomenon of climate change is likely to have profound effects on the diversity of living organisms. Globally, significant declines in biodiversity are being experienced. Especially ectothermal animals such as reptiles and amphibians are vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and other climate variables. Climate change triggers the spreading of a of a pathogenic disease, habitat degradation, which is a threat to the exctoterm animal life cycle. Amphibians and reptiles respond to these changes, such as range shifts and phenologic and physiological changes. Conservation and adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of human-induced climate change on species diversity will become more important in the coming decades. Although amphibians and reptiles are capable of adaptive responses to climate change at the species level, such as phenological changes and range shifts, species-specific conservation programs need to be developed urgently to minimize the effects of anthropogenic climate change and to protect species.