Dyslipidemia Screening

Dyslipidemia is lipoprotein metabolism disorders characterized by high total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglyceride (TG) and low HDL-C.Although lipid and lipoprotein levels vary according to age and gender, acceptable, borderline high and high values ​​have been determined for children.Dyslipidemia can occur for various reasons, such as dietary saturated and trans fats, consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugar, alcohol, medications, endocrine/metabolic/renal problems, infections and genetic factors.The frequency and duration of dyslipidemia screening are planned according to age and risk factors for early ASCVD and the presence of a history of familial hypercholesterolemia or early ASCVD.Screening includes TC, HDL-C, TG measured in fasting or postprandial states, and calculated LDL-C and non-HDL-C. If there are abnormalities, fasting lipid profiles are used for confirmation. Non-HDL-C is calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol and is important for dyslipidemia screening.Screening Results: Acceptable levels; No further evaluation is required, regular screenings continue. Borderline high results; Diet and healthy lifestyle are recommended, no medical treatment is required. Scans may be repeated within a year. Abnormally high results; It should be confirmed with a fasting lipid profile, and dietary and lifestyle changes should be implemented. Medical treatment may be required, secondary causes should be investigated. In case of very high LDL-C (≥250 mg/dL), referral should be made to relevant specialists.Screening only those with certain risk factors such as familial hypercholestrolonemia, obesity, and diabetes causes many children with dyslipidemia to go undetected and increases the risk of atherosclerotic ASCVD and the severity of the disease at older ages. Therefore, screening for dyslipidemia in childhood is very important in terms of early diagnosis and control of dyslipidemia.