Current practices in agricultural economics focus on goals such as increasing agricultural productivity, ensuring environmental sustainability, raising farmers’ incomes, and securing food safety. Various current practices are implemented both in Turkey and globally. This section is written to describe these current practices, how they are implemented, and to present examples of those that have been or are being applied in Turkey. The importance of modern agricultural practices has great potential for the well-being of both farmers and the national economy. Effective implementation of these practices can enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the agricultural sector, thereby helping Turkey fully realize its agricultural potential.