Climate change is having profound and complex impacts on the agricultural sector, posing major risks to food security and sustainable agriculture. Agricultural extension services improve farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change by increasing their knowledge and skills, and thus play a role in ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production and food security. In this study, the benefits of agricultural extension in teaching climate-smart agricultural techniques to farmers and in the implementation of these techniques are emphasised. In the light of case studies and current research, the contributions of agricultural extension to farmers in areas such as efficient use of water, soil health protection, increasing crop diversity and integration of digital tools are discussed. The results emphasise the importance of agricultural extension services in adapting to climate change and reveal the need to expand and improve the quality of these services. Expanding the scope and improving the quality of agricultural extension services can be recommended to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate change and increase the sustainability of agricultural production.