Maintaining cognitive function throughout life is increasingly important as life expectancy rises. This chapter explores the role of nutritional supplements in promoting brain health. With a focus on deficiencies and limitations of dietary intake alone, the chapter examines the potential of specific supplements, including vitamins B9 and B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), to enhance cognitive function and potentially prevent neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. By critically evaluating scientific evidence, the chapter aims to provide a balanced perspective on the potential benefits and limitations of nutritional supplements for cognitive health.