The global increase in cancer diagnoses is accompanied by improving survival rates, largely due to advancements in treatment options. However, this rise in survival rates highlights the critical importance of addressing the myriad symptoms associated with the disease. To optimize functional capacity and enhance the quality of life for cancer patients, rehabilitation programs are becoming increasingly integral to their treatment. Achieving these objectives necessitates the involvement of rehabilitation specialists who are proficient in diagnosing and addressing the physical, psychological, and cognitive challenges faced by patients. This emphasis on comprehensive care underscores the necessity of an interdisciplinary team approach in oncologic rehabilitation.
Interdisciplinary teamwork is crucial in oncologic rehabilitation. The integration of various healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists, occupational therapists, oncologists, psychologists, and nutritionists, ensures a holistic approach to patient care. This collaborative effort enhances the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.
Historically, physiotherapy played a secondary role in the treatment of oncologic patients, primarily because high mortality rates limited opportunities for rehabilitation. The paradigm has shifted with the increase in survival rates, highlighting the growing importance of physiotherapy in the context of cancer care. Consequently, physiotherapists must enhance their problem-solving skills, particularly in early oncologic rehabilitation. Physiotherapy and exercise play a pivotal role in the management, prevention, and treatment of oncological diseases. Engaging in purposeful physical activity can prevent many types of cancer and significantly prolong life expectancy.
The primary aim of this section is to elucidate the objectives of physiotherapy in oncological rehabilitation, delineate the role of physiotherapists, and outline the specific goals of rehabilitation. This discussion extends to common musculoskeletal problems frequently encountered in oncological patients, such as conditions like lymphedema resulting from treatment, and prevalent symptoms including pain, balance issues, and fatigue. Current approaches and innovative treatment methods in oncological physiotherapy are also examined.