Release Date: 2024-06-12

Brain and Cytokines

Songul Cetik Yildiz (Author)

Release Date: 2024-06-12

Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins that play a role in cell maturation, differentiation, inflammation, immunity and tissue repair. Cytokines are responsible for the propagation of the neuroinflammatory response as well as an indicator of the presence of the neuroinflammatory response. Although the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of cytokines have been demonstrated, it is well [...]

Media Type
    Buy from

    Price may vary by retailers

    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inBrain Biochemistry and Its Disease
    First Page95
    Last Page108
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359371.6
    Page Count14
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

    Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins that play a role in cell maturation, differentiation, inflammation, immunity and tissue repair. Cytokines are responsible for the propagation of the neuroinflammatory response as well as an indicator of the presence of the neuroinflammatory response. Although the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of cytokines have been demonstrated, it is well known that they are necessary for nerve development and maintenance of normal central nervous system functions. Cytokines reach the brain: Cytokines may be passively transported to brain cells from the circumventricular area, which lacks the blood-brain barrier. Second, cytokines may bind to the cerebral vascular endothelium, triggering the production of secondary transporters such as prostaglandin and nitric oxide. And it has been reported that the transport of cytokines through the blood-brain barrier via the carrier causes the activation of peripheral sensory nerve endings in the regions where the cytokines are released. It has been shown that peripheral cytokines, in addition to active transport, can also cross the blood-brain barrier through the choroid plexus regions.

    Songul Cetik Yildiz (Author)
    Assistant Professor, Mardin Artuklu University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7855-5343
    3I graduated from Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Biology (2005-2009). I also completed my master’s degree (2009-2011) and doctorate (2011-2014) education at Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Biology. I have been working as an academician at Mardin Artuklu University since 2012. Throughout my academic life, I have carried out multidisciplinary projects with experimental studies. We aimed to benefit from the antitumor antioxidant and probiotic properties of alternative agents against multi-organ toxicity, mostly caused by cancer drugs. We evaluated possible oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic markers by measuring all parameters, especially biochemical and genetic. I am currently working as an assistant professor at the same university.

    • Mirabelli-Badenier M, Braunersreuther V, Lenglet S, et al. Pathophysiological role of inflammatory molecules in paediatric ischaemic brain injury. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;4.

    • Maslinska D. The cytokine network and interleukin-15 (IL-15) in brain development. Folia Neuropathol. 2001;39(2):43-7.

    • Benveniste EN. Cytokine actions in the central nervous system. Cytokine growth factor reviews. 1998;9(3):259-75.

    • Yildiz SC. Cytokins and their roles in cancer mechanism. New Trends in Health Sciences Editor: Assoc. Prof. Dilek Atik, MD. Duvar Publishing, 2022

    • Abbas A, Lichtman AH, Pober JS. Cytokine in cellular and molecular immunology. WB Saunders Company Philadelphia, 2000;235-69.

    • Schaible T, Veit M, Tautz J, et al. Serum cytokine levels in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Klin Padiatr. 2011;223(7):414-8.

    • Hotchkiss RS, Nicholson DW. Apoptosis and caspases regulate death and inflammation in sepsis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6(11):813-22

    • Kremlev SG, Palmer C. Interleukin-10 inhibits endotoxin-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cell cultures. Journal of neuroimmunology, 2005;162(1), 71-80.

    • Whiteley W, Wardlaw J, Dennis M, et al. Stroke. 2012;43(1):86-91.

    • Drexhage RC, Knijff EM., Padmos RC, et al. The mononuclear phagocyte system and its cytokine inflammatory networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(1):59-76.

    • Chukaew P, Bunmak N, Auampradit N, et al. Correlation of BDNF, VEGF, TNF-α, and S100B with cognitive impairments in chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports. 2022;42(3), 281-7.

    • Asevedo E, Rizzo LB, Gadelha A, et al. Peripheral interleukin-2 level is associated with negative symptoms and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Physiology & behavior. 2014;129:194-8.

    • Zhu F, Zhang L, Liu F, et al. Altered serum tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1β in first-episode drug-naive and chronic schizophrenia. Front Neurosci. 2018;12: 296.

    • Trovao N, Prata J, VonDoellinger O, Santos S, Barbosa M, Coelho R. Peripheral biomarkers for first-episode psychosis-opportunities from the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychiatry investigation. 2019;16(3):177.

    • Wang AK, Miller BJ. Meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and tryptophan catabolite alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2018;44(1):7583.

    • Goldsmith DR, Rapaport MH. Inflammation and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: implications for reward processing and motivational deficits. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;11:46

    • Müller N. Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Pathogenetic Aspects and Therapeutic Considerations. Schizophrenia Bullettin. 2018;44(5):973-82.

    • Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Lewis G, Jones PB. Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies. Psychol Med. 2013;43(2):239-57.

    • Melbourne JK, Chase KA, Feiner B, Rosen C, Sharma RP. Uzun kodlamayan ve endojen retroviral RNA seviyeleri, periferik kan hücrelerinde proinflamatuar sitokin mRNA ekspresyonu ile ilişkilidir: şizofreni için çıkarımlar. Psikiyatri Arş. 2018;262:465-8.

    • Kagızman EB, Avsar O. The Role of MicroRNAs in Diagnosis and Treatment of Schizophrenia. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 2022;4(3). 21.

    • Girard S, Kadhim H, Roy M, et al. Role of perinatal inflammation in cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2009;40(3):168-74.

    • Maslinska M, Kostyra-Grabczak K. The role of virus infections in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol. 2022;6(13):823659.

    • Dinarello CA. A clinical perspective of IL-1β as the gatekeeper of inflammation. Eur J Immunol. 2011;41(5):1203-17.

    • Meyer U. Anti-inflammatory signaling in schizophrenia. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 2011;25(8):1507-18.

    • Abdel-Moneim A, Bakery HH, Allam G. The potential pathogenic role of IL-17/ Th17 cells in both type 1 and type 2 DM. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;101:28792.

    • Erol S, Cetin K. Bakteriyel menenjitlerde inflamatuvar mekanizmalar. Flora. 2001;6(1):22-29.

    • Frei K, Nadal H, Pfister WH, Fontana A. Listeria meningitis: identification of a cerebrospinal fluid inhibitor of macrophage listericidal function as IL-10. J Exp Med. 1993;178:1255-61.

    • Wubel W, Mccracken GH. Management of bacterial menengitis. 1998;19:78-84.

    • Alhan E, Yildizdas D, Yilmaz H, et al. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid ınterleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in children with tuberculous, bacterial and aseptic meningitis. Ann Med Sci. 2001;10(3):123-7.

    • Hsieh CC, Lu JH, Chen SJ, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 in children with meningitis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2009;25: 461-5.

    • Maxeiner HG, Schneider EM, Kurfiss ST, Brettschneider J, Tumani H, Bechter K. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokine profiling to detect immune control of infectious and inflammatory neurological and psychiatric diseases. Cytokine 2014;9(1):62-7.

    • Bielekova B, Komori M, Xu Q, Reich DS, Wu T. Cerebrospinal fluid IL-12p40, CXCL13 and IL-8 as a combinatorial biomarker of active intrathecal inflammation. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):1-9.

    • Garnier Y, Coumans A, Berger R, Jensen A, Hasaart TH. Endotoxemia severely affects circulation during normoxia and asphyxia in immature fetal sheep. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2001;8(3):134-42.

    • Kawabori M, Yenari MA. İnflammatory responses in brain ischemia. Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(10):1258-77.

    • Vidale S, Consoli A, Arnaboldi M Consoli D. Postischemic inflammation in acute stroke. J Clin Neurol. 2017;13(1):1-9.

    • Tarkowski E, Rosengren L, Blomstrand C. et al. Early intrathecal production of interleukin-6 predicts the size of brain lesion in stroke. Stroke. 1995;26(8):1393, 8.

    • Sahin C, Aricioglu F. Depresyon ve sitokin hipotezinde yeni bir boyut: NLRP3 inflamazomu. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2014;3(2):65-8.

    • Hannestad J, DellaGioia N, Bloch M. The effect of antidepressant medication treatment on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines a meta-analysis neuro-psychopharmacology. Official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011;36: 2452-9.

    • Berkenbosch F, Van Oers J, del Rey A, Tilders F, Besedovsky H. Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1. Science. 1987;238:524-6.

    • Pace TW, Miller AH. Cytokines and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Relevance to major depression. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2009;1179:86-105.

    • Sanacora G, Treccani G, Popoli M. Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression An emerging frontier of neuropsychopharmacology for mood disorders. Neuropharmacol. 2012;62:63-77.

    • Michelow IC, Nicol M, Tiemessen C, Chezzi C, Pettifor JM. Value of cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte aggregation in distinguishing the causes of meningitis in children, Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:66-72.

    • Tauber MG, Moser B. Cytokines and chemokines in meningeal inflammation: biology and clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:1-12.

    • Belogurov A, Ivanova O, Lomakin Y, et al. Mediators and biomarkers of inflammation in meningitis: Cytokine and peptidome profiling of cerebrospinal fluid. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2016;81(11):1293-302.

    • Müller N, Schwarz MJ. Neuroimmune–endocrine crosstalk in schizophrenia and mood disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 2006;6(7):1017-38.

    • Dahan S, Bragazzi NL, Yogev A, et al. Şizofreni hastalarında serum sitokin düzeyleri ile psikoz derecesi arasındaki ilişki. Psikiyatri Arş. 2018;268:467-72.

    • Kalelioğlu T, Genç A, Karamustafalıoğlu N. İki uçlu bozukluk ve inflamasyon. J Mood Disord 2017;7(1):54-64.

    • Brietzke E, Stertz L, Fernandes BS, et al. Comparison of cytokine levels in depressed, manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2009;116(3):214-7.

    • Kim YK, Jung HG, Myint AM, Kim H, Park SH. Imbalance between proinflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2007;104(1-3):91-5.

    • Sayana P, Colpo GD, Simoes LR, et al. A systematic review of evidence for the role of inflammatory biomarkers in bipolar patients. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;92:160-82.

    onix_3.0::thothThoth ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::project_museProject MUSE ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::oapenOAPEN ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::jstorJSTOR ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::google_booksGoogle Books ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::overdriveOverDrive ONIX 3.0
    onix_2.1::ebsco_hostEBSCO Host ONIX 2.1
    csv::thothThoth CSV
    json::thothThoth JSON
    kbart::oclcOCLC KBART
    bibtex::thothThoth BibTeX
    doideposit::crossrefCrossRef DOI deposit
    onix_2.1::proquest_ebraryProQuest Ebrary ONIX 2.1
    marc21record::thothThoth MARC 21 Record
    marc21markup::thothThoth MARC 21 Markup
    marc21xml::thothThoth MARC 21 XML

    Share This Chapter!