The Southeastern Anatolia Region, the hottest area in Turkey, meets approximately 13% of the country’s wheat needs. Although it has a climate more suitable for durum wheat, spring bread wheat is more commonly preferred due to economic choices. Recently, as seen worldwide, the factors such as extreme temperature changes and fluctuations in rainfall, along with increases in disease and pest populations, make it difficult for producers to make appropriate decisions regarding cultivation techniques such as variety selection and planting time. This study investigates the effects of high and low temperatures on wheat production and ways to mitigate these effects positively. Particular attention is given to the roles of wild wheat and local populations, which have the ability to adapt more quickly to changing climate conditions, and the two genetic elements of vernalization and photoperiodism in this adaptation process