Release Date: 2024-06-12

Brain Health and Nano Medicine

Tuba Tarhan (Author)

Release Date: 2024-06-12

The most complex organ in our body is the brain. It also plays a significant role in regulating behavioural, emotional, and cognitive activities. The brain is the target of many ailments, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases and injuries. Brain diseases refer to a broad group of disease conditions that affect the brain, such as dysfunctions, [...]

Media Type
    Buy from

    Price may vary by retailers

    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inBrain Biochemistry and Its Disease
    First Page181
    Last Page209
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359371.11
    Page Count29
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing
    The most complex organ in our body is the brain. It also plays a significant role in regulating behavioural, emotional, and cognitive activities. The brain is the target of many ailments, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases and injuries. Brain diseases refer to a broad group of disease conditions that affect the brain, such as dysfunctions, infections, tumours, injuries, and neurological disorders. In last years, nanotechnology has appeared as an important technique used to obtain materials with desired properties by changing and operating different items at the molecular level. With this feature, nanotechnology has proven to be useful in the diagnosis and medication of brain diseases and disorders by facilitating the distribution of drugs and increasing drug effectiveness. Brain diseases continue to be an important health, economic, and social burden due to high failure rates in transferring therapeutic drugs to the clinic. This chapter discusses the use of various nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumours, and stroke. There are many promising publications in the literature studying different nanotherapeutics. However, further research on their toxicity and bioaccumulation in clinical settings is required to improve the application of nanotherapeutics in the brain. Thus, the potential of nanomaterials in the treatment of brain diseases and disorders is increased.

    Tuba Tarhan (Author)
    Associate Professor, Mardin Artuklu University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-4464
    3Dr. Tuba TARHAN completed her undergraduate education in the field of Chemistry Teaching and received her master’s and doctorate degrees in Chemistry. Her fields of study in master’s, doctoral and postdoctoral studies focused on the synthesis and characterization of bionanomaterials and their applications in the biological field such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, DNA damage, drug delivery systems. Dr. TARHAN started as a lecturer at Mardin Artuklu University in 2011 and has been working as an Associate Professor at the same university since 2022. During this period, she has published numerous SCI publications and book chapters, mostly Q1 and Q2, and many presentations at domestic and international congresses. In addition to the associate and postgraduate courses she teaches in his field, she also provides postgraduate student consultancy.

    • Ngowi E. E, Wang Y-Z, Qian L, Helmy Y. A. S. H, Anyomi B, Li T, Zheng M, Jiang E-S, Duan S-F, Wei J-S, Wu D-D and Ji X-Y. The Application of Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases and Disorders. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021;9:629832

    • Crone C, and Christensen O. Electrical resistance of a capillary endothelium. Journal of General Physiology. 1981;77:349-371

    • Butt A.M, Jones H.C and Abbott N.J. Electrical resistance across the blood-brain barrier in anaesthetized rats: a developmental study. The Journal of Physiology. 1990;429:47-62

    • Li H.Y, Liu F and Wang H.R. Correlation between Nurr1 expression and drug resistance in the brain of rats with epilepsy. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2018; 22:1506-1513.

    • Jablonski M.R, Markandaiah S.S, Jacob D, Meng N.J, Li K, Gennaro, V., et al. Inhibiting drug efflux transporters improves efficacy of ALS therapeutics. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2014;1:996-1005

    • Fang Z, Che, S, Qin J, Chen B, Ni G, Chen Z., et al. Pluronic P85-coated poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles overcome phenytoin resistance in P-glycoprotein overexpressing rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Biomaterials 2016;97:110-121

    • Graverini G, Piazzini V, Landucci E, Pantano D, Nardiello P, Casamenti F., et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of andrographolide across the blood-brain barrier: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2018;161:302-313

    • Andrea J and Elizabeth N. Nanotherapeutics and the Brain. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2022;13:325-346

    • Shabani L, Abbasi M, Azarnew Z, Amani A.M and Vaez A. Neuro‑nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano‑based strategies in applied neuroscience. BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 2023;22:1

    • Weissleder R and Mahmood U. Molecular imaging. Radiology. 2001;219:316-333

    • Mankoff D.A. A definition of molecular imaging. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2007;48:18N-21N

    • Aldossary N.M, Kotb M.A and Kamal A.M. Predictive value of early MRI findings on neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;243:1-7

    • Bocan T.M, Stafford R.G, Brown J.L, Akuoku Frimpong J, Basuli F, Hollidge B.S., et al. Characterization of brain inflammation, apoptosis, hypoxia, blood-brain barrier integrity and metabolism in venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV TC-83) exposed mice by in vivo positron emission tomography imaging. Viruses. 2019;11:1052

    • Massoud T.F and Gambhir S.S. Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light. Genes & Development. 2003;17:545-580

    • Zhao Y, Ji T, Wang H, Li S, Zhao Y and Nie G. Self-assembled peptide nanoparticles as tumor microenvironment activatable probes for tumor targeting and imaging. Journal of Controlled Release. 2014;177:11-19

    • Tang T, Valenzuela A, Petit F, Chow S, Leung K, Gorin F., et al. In vivo MRI of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for brain inflammation. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging. 2018; 2018:3476476

    • Singh G.P, Nigam R, Tomar G.S, Monisha M, Bhoi S.K, Arulselvi S., et al. Early and rapid detection of UCHL1 in the serum of brain-trauma patients: a novel gold nanoparticle-based method for diagnosing the severity of brain injury. Analyst. 2018;143:3366-3373

    • van Steenoven I, van der Flier W.M, Scheltens P, Teunissen C.E and Lemstra A.W. Amyloid-β peptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 2019;11:83

    • Cheng K.K, Chan P.S, Fan S, Kwan S.M, Yeung K.L, Wáng Y.X., et al. Curcumin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biomaterials. 2015;44:155-172

    • Zeng J, Wu J, Li M and Wang P. A novel magnetic nanoparticle for early detection of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Medical Research. 2018;49:282-285

    • Fernández-Cabada T and Ramos-Gómez M. A novel contrast agent based on magnetic nanoparticles for cholesterol detection as Alzheimer’s disease biomarker. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2019;14:36

    • Sun L, Liu D, Fu D, Yue T, Scharre D and Zhang L. Fluorescent peptide nanoparticles to detect amyloid-beta aggregation in cerebrospinal fluid and serum for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and progression monitoring. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021;405:126733

    • Pardridge W.M and Mietus L.J. Transport of steroid hormones through the rat blood-brain barrier. Primary role of albumin-bound hormone. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1979;64:145-154

    • Pardridge W.M. Drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2012;32:1959-1972

    • Lin T, Zhao P, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Jin H, Pan Z., et al. Blood-brain-barrier-penetrating albumin nanoparticles for biomimetic drug delivery via albumin-binding protein pathways for antiglioma therapy. ACS Nano. 2016;10:9999-10012

    • He H, Yao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang K, Lee R.J., et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system to across the blood-brain barrier. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2019;519:385-390

    • Sadegh Malvajerd S, Azadi A, Izadi Z, Kurd M, Dara T, Dibaei M., et al. Brain delivery of curcumin using solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, optimization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2019;10:728-739

    • Johnsen K.B, Bak M, Kempen P.J, Melander F, Burkhart A, Thomsen M.S., et al. Antibody affinity and valency impact brain uptake of transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles. Theranostics. 2018;8:3416-3436

    • Gallez B. “Radiosensitization,” in Encyclopedia of Cancer, ed. M. Schwab (Berlin: Springer). 2015

    • Bouras A, Kaluzova M and Hadjipanayis C.G. Radiosensitivity enhancement of radioresistant glioblastoma by epidermal growth factor receptor antibody-conjugated iron-oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 2015;124:13-22

    • Hua L, Wang Z, Zhao L, Mao H, Wang G, Zhang K., et al. Hypoxiaresponsive lipid-poly-(hypoxic radiosensitized polyprodrug) nanoparticles for glioma chemo- and radiotherapy. Theranostics. 2018;8:5088-5105

    • Lu V.M, Crawshay-Williams F, White B, Elliot A, Hill M.A and Townley H.E. Cytotoxicity, dose-enhancement and radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells with rare earth nanoparticles. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2019;47:132-143

    • Joh D.Y, Sun L, Stangl M, Al Zaki A, Murty S, Santoiemma P.P., et al. Selective targeting of brain tumors with gold nanoparticle-induced radiosensitization. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62425

    • Liu P, Jin H, Guo Z, Ma J, Zhao J, Li D., et al. Silver nanoparticles outperform gold nanoparticles in radiosensitizing U251 cells in vitro and in an intracranial mouse model of glioma. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2016;11:5003-5014

    • Teleanu D.M, Chircov C, Grumezescu A.M, Volceanov A and Teleanu R.I. Impact of Nanoparticles on Brain Health: An Up toDate Overview. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018;7:490

    • Dougherty J.D, Yang C and Lake A.M. Systems biology in the central nervous system: A brief perspective on essential recent advancements. Current Opinion in Systems Biology. 2017;3:67-76

    • Schmitt G, Parrott N, Prinssen E and Barrow P. The great barrier belief: The blood–brain barrier and considerations for juvenile toxicity studies. Reproductive Toxicology. 2017;72:129-135

    • Huang L, Hu J, Huang S, Wang B, Siaw-Debrah F, Nyanzu M, Zhang Y and Zhuge Q. Nanomaterial applications for neurological diseases and central nervous system injury. Progress in Neurobiology. 2017;157:29-48

    • Zhou Y, Peng Z, Seven E.S and Leblanc R.M. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release. 2018;270:290-303

    • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel R.L, Torre L.A and Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2018;68:394-424

    • Zhan W and Wang C.-H. Convection enhanced delivery of liposome encapsulated doxorubicin for brain tumour therapy. Journal of Controlled Release. 2018;285:212-229

    • Sarcan E.T, Silindir-Gunay M and Ozer A.Y. Theranostic polymeric nanoparticles for nir imaging and photodynamic therapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018;551:329-338

    • Wang X, Yang L, Zhang H, Tian B, Li R, Hou X and Wei F. Fluorescent magnetic pei-plga nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel for concurrent cell imaging, enhanced apoptosis and autophagy in human brain cancer. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2018;172:708-717

    • Richard S, Boucher M, Lalatonne Y, Mériaux S and Motte L. Iron oxide nanoparticle surface decorated with crgd peptides for magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 2017;1861:1515-1520

    • Wang X, Tu M, Tian B, Yi Y, Wei Z and Wei F. Synthesis of tumor-targeted folate conjugated fluorescent magnetic albumin nanoparticles for enhanced intracellular dual-modal imaging into human brain tumor cells. Analytical Biochemistry. 2016;512:8-17

    • Zhen X, Feng X, Xie C, Zheng Y and Pu K. Surface engineering of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for amplified photoacoustic imaging. Biomaterials. 2017;127:97-106

    • Ramalho M.J, Sevin E, Gosselet F, Lima J, Coelho M.A.N, Loureiro J.A and Pereira M.C. Receptor-mediated plga nanoparticles for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018;545:84-92

    • Chen E.M, Quijano A.R, Seo Y.-E, Jackson C, Josowitz A.D, Noorbakhsh S, Merlettini A, Sundaram R.K, Focarete M.L, Jiang Z.; et al. Biodegradable peg-poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-p-dioxanone) nanoparticles for enhanced and sustained drug delivery to treat brain tumors. Biomaterials. 2018;178:193-203

    • Hua H, Zhang X, Mu H, Meng Q, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Lu X, Wang A, Liu S, Zhang Y.; et al. RVG29-modified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles for brain-targeted glioma therapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2018;543:179-189

    • Sekerdag E, Lüle S, Bozda ˘g Pehlivan S, Öztürk N, Kara A, Kaffashi A, Vural I, I¸sıkay I, Yavuz B, Oguz K.K.; et al. A potential non-invasive glioblastoma treatment: Nose-to-brain delivery of farnesylthiosalicylic acid incorporated hybrid nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017;261:187-198

    • Mangraviti A, Tzeng S.Y, Kozielski K.L, Wang Y, Jin Y, Gullotti D., et al. Polymeric nanoparticles for nonviral gene therapy extend brain tumor survival in vivo. ACS Nano. 2015;9:1236-1249

    • Gitler A.D, Dhillon P and Shorter J. Neurodegenerative disease: Models, mechanisms, and a new hope. Disease Models & Mechanisms. 2017;10:499-502

    • Solanki I, Parihar P and Parihar M.S. Neurodegenerative diseases: From available treatments to prospective herbal therapy. Neurochemistry International. 2016;95:100-108

    • Kumar J, Eraña H, López-Martínez E, Claes N, Martín V.F, Solís D.M, Bals S. Cortajarena A.L, Castilla J and Liz-Marzán L.M. Detection of amyloid fibrils in parkinson’s disease using plasmonic chirality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018;115:3225-3230

    • Pansieri J, Gerstenmayer M, Lux F, Mériaux S, Tillement O, Forge V, Larrat B and Marquette C. Magnetic nanoparticles applications for amyloidosis study and detection: A review. Nanomaterials. 2018;8:740

    • Plissonneau M, Pansieri J, Heinrich-Balard L, Morfin J.-F, Stransky-Heilkron N, Rivory P, Mowat P, Dumoulin M, Cohen R, Allémann É.; et al. Gd-nanoparticles functionalization with specific peptides for ß-amyloid plaques targeting. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2016;14:60

    • Saraiva C, Praça C, Ferreira R, Santos T, Ferreira L and Bernardino L. Nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery: Overcoming blood–brain barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Controlled Release. 2016;235:34-47

    • Carradori D, Balducci C, Re F, Brambilla D, Le Droumaguet B, Flores O, Gaudin A, Mura S, Forloni G, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L., et al. Antibody-functionalized polymer nanoparticle leading to memory recovery in alzheimer’s disease-like transgenic mouse model. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2018;14:609-618

    • Loureiro J.A, Gomes B, Fricker G, Coelho M.A.N, Rocha S and Pereira M.C. Cellular uptake of plga nanoparticles targeted with anti-amyloid and anti-transferrin receptor antibodies for alzheimer’s disease treatment. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016;145:8-13

    • Zheng X, Zhang C, Guo Q, Wan X, Shao X, Liu Q and Zhang Q. Dual-functional nanoparticles for precise drug delivery to alzheimer’s disease lesions: Targeting mechanisms, pharmacodynamics and safety. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017;525:237-248

    • Deng H, Wang P and Jankovic J. The genetics of parkinson disease. Ageing Research Reviews. 2018;42:72-85

    • Sridhar V, Gaud R, Bajaj A and Wairkar S. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasally administered selegiline nanoparticles with improved brain delivery in parkinson’s disease. Nanomed. Nanotechnology for Biology and Medicine. 2018;14:2609-2618

    • Raj R, Wairkar S, Sridhar V and Gaud R. Pramipexole dihydrochloride loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery: Development, characterization and in vivo anti-parkinson activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018;109:27-35

    • Motyl J, Przykaza Ł, Boguszewski P.M, Kosson P, Strosznajder J.B. Pramipexole and fingolimod exert neuroprotection in a mouse model of parkinson’s disease by activation of sphingosine kinase 1 and akt kinase. Neuropharmacology. 2018;135:139-150

    • Hegazy M.A, Maklad H.M, Samy D.M, Abdelmonsif D.A, El Sabaa B.M and Elnozahy F.Y. Cerium oxide nanoparticles could ameliorate behavioral and neurochemical impairments in 6-hydroxydopamine induced parkinson’s disease in rats. Neurochemistry International. 2017;108:361-371

    • Saraiva C, Paiva J, Santos T, Ferreira L and Bernardino L. Microrna-124 loaded nanoparticles enhance brain repair in parkinson’s disease. Journal of Controlled Release. 2016;235:291-305

    • Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12: 459-509

    • Sonawane S.K, Ahmad A and Chinnathambi S. Protein-capped metal nanoparticles inhibit tau aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease. ACS omega. 2019;4:12833-12840

    • Moore K.A, Pate K.M, Soto-Ortega D.D, Lohse S, van der Munnik N, Lim M., et al. Influence of gold nanoparticle surface chemistry and diameter upon Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β protein aggregation. Journal of Biological Engineering. 2017;11:5

    • Liao Y.H, Chang Y.J, Yoshiike Y, Chang Y.C and Chen Y.R. Negatively charged gold nanoparticles inhibit Alzheimer’s amyloid-β fibrillization, induce fibril dissociation, and mitigate neurotoxicity. Small. 2012;8:3631-3639

    • Gao G, Zhang M, Gong D, Chen R, Hu X and Sun T. The size-effect of gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters in the inhibition of amyloid-β fibrillation. Nanoscale. 2017;9:4107-4113

    • Zhou Z, Lu J, Liu W.-W, Manaenko A, Hou X, Mei Q, Huang J.-L, Tang J, Zhang J.H, Yao H., et al. Advances in stroke pharmacology. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2018;191:23-42

    • Virani S.S, Alonso A, Benjamin E.J, Bittencourt M.S, Callaway C.W, Carson A. P., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141: e139-e596

    • Lindsay M.P, Norrving B, Sacco R.L, Brainin M, Hacke W, Martins S., et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2019. International Journal of Stroke. 2019;14:806-817

    • Barthels D, and Das H. Current advances in ischemic stroke research and therapies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Molecular Basis of Disease. 2020;1866(4):165260

    • Sarmah D, Saraf J, Kaur H, Pravalika K, Tekade R.K, Borah A, Kalia K, Dave K.R and Bhattacharya P. Stroke management: An emerging role of nanotechnology. Micromachines. 2017;8:262

    • Chen L and Gao X. The application of nanoparticles for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Therapeutic Delivery. 2017;8:915-928

    • Han L, Cai Q, Tian D, Kong D.K, Gou X, Chen Z, Strittmatter S.M, Wang Z, Sheth K.N and Zhou J. Targeted drug delivery to ischemic stroke via chlorotoxin-anchored, lexiscan-loaded nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2016;12:1833-1842

    • Wang C, Lin G, Luan Y, Ding J, Li P.-C, Zhao Z, Qian C, Liu G, Ju S and Teng G.-J. Hif-proly l hydroxylase 2 silencing using sirna delivered by mri-visible nanoparticles improves therapy efficacy of transplanted epcs for ischemic stroke. Biomaterials. 2019;197:229-243

    • Sarrazin J.L, Bonneville F and Martin-Blondel G. Brain infections. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 2012;93:473-490

    • Baldissera M.D, Souza C.F, Grando T.H, Moreira K.L, Schafer A.S, Cossetin L.F., et al. Nerolidol-loaded nanospheres prevent behavioral impairment via ameliorating Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities as well as reducing oxidative stress in the brain of Trypanosoma evansi-infected mice. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 2017;390:139-148

    • Gong Y, Zhi K, Nagesh P, Sinha N, Chowdhury P, Chen H., et al. An elvitegravir nanoformulation crosses the blood-brain barrier and suppresses HIV-1 replication in microglia. Viruses. 2020;12:564

    • Kaushik A, Yndart A, Atluri V, Tiwari S, Tomitaka A, Gupta P., et al. Magnetically guided non-invasive CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA delivery across blood-brain barrier to eradicate latent HIV-1 infection. Scientific Reports. 2019;9:3928

    • Desai J and Thakkar H. Darunavir-loaded lipid nanoparticles for targeting to HIV reservoirs. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018;19:648-660

    • Karami Z, Saghatchi Zanjani M.R, Rezaee S, Rostamizadeh K and Hamidi M. Neuropharmacokinetic evaluation of lactoferrin-treated indinavir-loaded nanoemulsions: remarkable brain delivery enhancement. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2019;45: 736-744

    Share This Chapter!