Release Date: 2023-09-14

Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Diabetics

Tugba Raika Kiran (Author), Aysun Bay Karabulut (Author)

Release Date: 2023-09-14

In diabetics, there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress, a condition characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired antioxidant defenses. Free radicals, such as superoxide anion (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolism and play a [...]

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Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inCurrent Multidisciplinary Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence Mechanism
First Page45
Last Page56
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359104.5
ISBN978-605-335-910-4 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count12
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

In diabetics, there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress, a condition characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired antioxidant defenses. Free radicals, such as superoxide anion (O2•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolism and play a role in cell signaling and immune response. However, excessive ROS production in diabetes, exacerbated by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, overwhelms antioxidant defenses, which include enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione.
Oxidative stress in diabetics contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by damaging cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, thereby impairing cellular function and promoting inflammation. Moreover, oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and damage to pancreatic beta cells further exacerbate insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Antioxidant therapies, either through dietary supplementation or pharmacological interventions, aim to restore redox balance and mitigate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in diabetes. Understanding the intricate interplay between free radicals and antioxidants is essential for developing targeted strategies to prevent and manage diabetic complications effectively.

Tugba Raika Kiran (Author)
Associate Professor, Malatya Turgut Ozal University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-0249

Aysun Bay Karabulut (Author)
Professor, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-2805

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