Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been extensively studied for its association with various types of cancer. Research indicates that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cancers such as liver, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, and bladder cancer compared to the general population. This increased risk is attributed to several factors unique to diabetes, including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and alterations in growth factors like insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and adipokines. These biological mechanisms contribute to the promotion of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The management of diabetes, including the use of medications like metformin, has been hypothesized to potentially influence cancer risk through its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite ongoing research into the complex relationship between diabetes and cancer, further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and develop targeted preventive strategies. Integrating comprehensive care approaches that address both diabetes control and cancer risk management is crucial for improving outcomes in individuals affected by these chronic conditions.
