1. Pérez I, Taito-Vincenti IY, González-Xuriguera CGG, Carvajal C, Franco JVA, Loézar C. How to interpret diagnostic tests. Medwave 2021; 21: e8432.
2. Freedman DB. Towards better test utilization – strategies to improve physcian ordering and their impact on patient outcomes. The Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Che-
mistry and Laboratory Medicine (eJIFCC) 2015; 26: 015-030.
3. Morjaria S, Chapin KC. Who to test, when, and for what. Why diagnostic stewardship in infectious diseases matters. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 2020; 22(9): 1109-1113.
4. Wians FH. Clinical laboratory tests: Which, why, and what do the results mean? Labmedicine 2009; 40: 105-113.
5. Zhi M, Ding EL, Theisen-Toupal J, Whelan J, Arnaout R. The landscape of inappropriate laboratory testing: A 15-year meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2013; 8: e78962.
6. Epner PL, Gans JE, Graber ML. When diagnostic testing leads to harm: A new outcomes-based approach for laboratory medicine. BMJ Qual Saf 2013; 22: ii6-ii10.
7. Sullivan KV. Diagnostic stewardship in clinical microbiology, essential partner to antimicrobial stewardship. Clinical Chemistry 2022; 68: 75-82.
8. World Health Organization Global AMR Surveillence System (GLASS). Diagnostic Stewardship: A Guide to implementation in antimicrobial resistance surveillence sites. 2016.
9. Morgan DJ, Malani P, Diekena DJ. Diagnostic stewardship –Leveraging the laboratory to improve antimicrobial use. JAMA 2017; 318: 607-608.
10. Gambino SR. Met and unmet needs of the automated clinical laboratory. Trans N Y Acad Sci 1970;32(7 Series II):816–20.
11. Lundberg GD. Acting on significant laboratory results [editorial]. JAMA. 1981;245:1762-1763.
12. Lundberg GD. The need for an outcomes research agenda for clinical laboratory testing [editorial]. JAMA. 1998; 280:565-566.
13. Plebani M, Laposata M, Lundberg GD: The brain-to-brain loop concept for laboratory testing 40 years after its introduction. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136: 829-833.
14. Chew K-L, Chia JWZ, Vasoo S. Diagnostic Stewardship in Clinical Microbiology. In: Carroll KC, Pfaller MA, Karlowsky JA, Landry ML, McAdam AJ, Patel R, Pritt BS (eds) Manual of Clinical
Microbiology 13th ed., 2023, ASM Press, USA. pp: 17-59.
15. Graber M. Diagnostic errors in medicine: a case of neglect. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2005; 31: 106–13.
16. ISO/TS 22367: 2008. Medical laboratories: reducing error through risk management and continual improvement: complementary element. Değişik: ISO 22367:2020, Medical laboratories –
Application of risk management to medical laboratories. Erişim: https://www.iso.org/standard/71254.html (Son erişim tarihi: 05.01.2025).
17. Plebani M, Lippi G. To err is human. To misdiagnose might be deadly. Clin Biochem 2010; 43: 1-3.
18. Plebani M. The detection and prevention of errors in laboratory medicine. Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47: 101-110
19. Diagnostic Stewardship in Clinical Practice: The Open University. Erişim: Diagnostic stewardship in clinical practice: https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.
php?id=177476 (Son erişim: 05.01.2024)
20. Laposta M. Putting the patient first-using an expertise of leboratory professionals to produce rapid and accurate diagnoses. Lab Medicine 2014; 45: 4-5.
21. Green DA, Weidmann MD, Srivastava-Malick MS. Diagnostic stewardship: the central role of clinical microbiology laboratories. Clin Microbiol Newsletter 2022; 44: 179-189.
22. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
(IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis 2024; Mar 5:ciae104.
23. Vaughn VM, Szymczak JE, Newton DW, Fakih MG. Addressing the overuse of cultures to optimize patient care. Ann Intern Med 2019; 171: S73-S74.
24. Passiment E, Meisel JL, Fontanesi J, Fritsma G, Aleryani S, Marques M. Decoding laboratory test names: A major challenge to appropriate patient care. J Gen Intern Med 2012; 28: 453-458.
25. Zakhour J, Haddad SF, Kerbage A, Wertheim H, Tattevin P, Voss A, Ünal S, Ouedraogo AS, Kanj SS, on behalf of the International Society of Antimirobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) and the
alliance for the Prodent Use of Antibiotics (APUA). Diagnostic stewardship in infectious diseases: a continuum of antimicrobial stewardship in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Int
J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62: 106816.
26. Gandhi TK, Kachalia A, Thomas EJ, Puopolo AL, Yoon C, Brennan TA, Studdert DM. Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting: A Study of Closed Malpractice Claims.
Annals of Internal Medicine 2006; 145: 488-496.
27. Kachalia A, Gandhi TK, Puopolo AL, Yoon C, Thomas EJ, Griffey R, Brennan TA, Studdert DM. Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Emergency Department: A Study of Closed Malpractice
Claims Ann Emerg Med. 2007; 49:196-205.
28. Song Z, Safran DG, Landon BE, He Y, Ellis RP, et al. Health care spending and quality in year 1 of the alternative quality contract. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 909-918.
29. McElvania E, Singh K. Specimen collection, transport and processing: Bacteriology. In: Carroll KC, Pfaller MA, Karlowsky JA, Landry ML, McAdam AJ, Patel R, Pritt BS (eds) Manual of
Clinical Microbiology 13th ed., 2023, ASM Press, USA. pp: 360—367.
30. Fagan TJ. Letter: nomogram for Bayes theorem. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 257.
31. Caraguel CGB, Vanderstichel R. The two-step Fagan’s nomogram: ad hoc interpretation of a diagnostic test result without calculation. Evid Based Med 2013; 18: 125-128.
32. Dyar OJ, Moran-Gilad J, Greub G, Pulcini C, on behalf of the ESGMD Executive Committee and the ESGAP Executive Committee. Diagnostic stewardship: are we using the right term? Clin
Microbiol Infect 2019; 25: 272-273.
33. Dik J-WH, Poelman R, Friedrich AW, Panday PN, Lo-Ten-Foe JR, van Assen S, van Gemert-Pijnen JEWC, Niesters HGM, Hendrix R, Sinha B. An integrated stewardship model: antimicro-
bial, infection prevention and diagnostic (AID). Future Microbiol 2016; 11: 93-102.
34. Dik JH, Poelman R, Friedrich AW, Niesters HGM, Rossen JWA, Sinha B. Integrated stewardship model comprising antimicrobial, infection prevention and diagnostic stewardship (AID
stewardship). J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55: 3306-3307.
35. Savoldi A, Gentilotti E, De Nardo P, Razzaboni E, Bovo C, Carrara E. Ushering in diagnostic stewardship: A step towards antibiotic stewardship. Current Treatment Options in Infectious
Diseases 2020; 12: 202–14.
36. Hueth KD, Prinzi AM, Timbrook TT. Diagnostic stewardship as a team support: Interdiciplinary perspectives on improved implementation of interventions and effect measuremen. Antibi-
otics 2022; 11: 250.
37. Astion M, Shojania M, Hamill M, et al. Classifying laboratory incident reports to identify problems that jeopardize patient safety. Am J Clin Pathol 2003; 120: 18-26
38. Schiff GD, Kim S, Abrams R, et al. Diagnosing diagnosis errors: lessons from a multi-institutional collaborative project. Advances: Rockeville, MD: AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND
QUALITY ROCKVILLE, MD; 2005. p: 24.
39. Wang J, Garnett E, Bierl C, Jackson B, Singh I. TRUU-Lab: Methods for optimization of test names for understanding and utilization. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154: S1-S2.
40. Langford BJ, Leung E, Haj R, McIntyre M, Taggart LR, Brown KA, Downing M, Matukas LM. Nudging in microbiology laboratory evaluation (NIMBLE): A scoping review. Infection Control
& Hospital Epidemiology 2019; 40: 1400-1406.
41. Khromova V, Gray TA. Learning needs in clinical biochemistry for doctors in foundation. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45:33-38
42. Land KJ, Boeras DI, Chen X-S, Ramsay AR, Peeling RW. REASSURED diagnostics to inform disease control strategies, strengthen health systems and improve patient outcomes. Nature
Microbiol 2019; 46: 46–54
43. Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. REASSURED Multiplex Diagnostics: A Critical Review and Forecast. Biosensors 2022; 12: 124.
44. Daley P, Garcia D, Inayatullah R, Penney C, Boyd S. Modified reporting of positive urine cultures to reduce inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria among nonpregnant, non-
catheterized inpatients: a randomized controlled trial. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39: 814-819.
45. Cunney R, Aziz HA, Schubert D, McNamara E, Symth E. Interpretative reporting and selective antimicrobial susceptibility release in non-critical microbiology results. J Antimicrob Chemo-
ther 2000; 45: 705-708.
46. Musgrove MA, Kenney RM, Kendall RE, Peters M, Tibbetts R, Samuel L, Davis SL. Microbiology Comment Nudge Improves Pneumonia Prescribing. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018;
5: ofy162.
47. Kaur S, Hutton M, Kenney RM, Weinmann A, Samuel L, Tibbetts R, Davis SL, Medler C. The long-term sustainability of a respiratory culture nudge. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare
Epidemiology 2022; 2: e15: 1-3.