Etiology and Risk Factors
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Family history and genetic factors play a significant role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations in genes related to surfactant production and telomere maintenance have been implicated. Environmental and occupational exposures to dust, metal, wood, and certain farming chemicals may increase the risk. Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor. Comorbid conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux [...]
