Release Date: 2024-01-16

Fluoride Toxicity

Aysun Aras (Author), Zerrin Orbak (Author), Recep Orbak (Author)

Release Date: 2024-01-16

Adequate fluoride intake is beneficial for oral health in both children and adults. It prevents tooth decay through various mechanisms. Fluoride in low concentrations in saliva and plaque delays demineralization and accelerates remineralization of enamel lesions. It also disrupts glycolysis, the process by which cariogenic bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acid, and has bactericidal effects [...]

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    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inFood Safety
    First Page361
    Last Page374
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358787.25
    Page Count14
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

    Adequate fluoride intake is beneficial for oral health in both children and adults. It prevents tooth decay through various mechanisms. Fluoride in low concentrations in saliva and plaque delays demineralization and accelerates remineralization of enamel lesions. It also disrupts glycolysis, the process by which cariogenic bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acid, and has bactericidal effects on these and other bacteria. During tooth development, ingested fluoride makes enamel more resistant to acid attacks and caries formation. However, excessive fluoride intake can be harmful. High amounts can bind to calcium, interfering with proteolytic and glycolytic enzyme activities. Fluoride ingestion in large quantities can be toxic, causing reactions with gastric acid to form hydrofluoric acid, which leads to abdominal pain, excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, seizures, muscle cramps, and potentially respiratory paralysis. Inhalation of hydrogen fluoride can severely irritate the respiratory tract, cause asthma-like reactions, and pulmonary edema, while skin or eye contact can result in severe burns. Exposure to aluminium fluoride, particularly in occupational settings, can be fatal and may cause asthma with prolonged exposure.

    Aysun Aras (Author)
    Assistant Professor, Ataturk University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-7042
    3Assistant Prof. Dr. Aysun Aras completed her education at Erzurum Atatürk University, School of Medicine, specializing in Public Healthy from 2014 to 2016, following her undergraduate studies at Erzurum Atatürk University, School of Medicine from 2009 to 2014. She studies with nutrion, women health and communicable diseases.

    Zerrin Orbak (Author)
    Professor, Ataturk University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-9844
    3After completing Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in 1989, she started his specialty training at Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases in the same year. She was appointed as an assistant professor to the same faculty in 1994. She completed his subspecialty training in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Ege University, Department of Pediatrics, between 1996 and 1998. She became an associate professor in 1998. In 1999, She took part in the establishment of the Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Department within the Department of Pediatrics of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine. Between August and December 2003, she served as an observing professor at the Ohio State University Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatric Endocrinology. She became a professor in March 2004. Between 2006 and 2008, she served as vice dean, purchasing commission chairman and pharmaceutical research ethics committee chairman. She has been the Head of the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism since 1999 and the Head of the Department of Pediatrics since 2017, and the Deputy Chief Physician since 2023. She is a member of ESPE (European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology), Endocrine Society and ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes), Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Association, and Turkish National Pediatric Association. She worked as a manager and researcher in national multi-center projects, BAP and TÜBİTAK supported projects. She has over 150 international scientific studies, and presented at numerous national and international conferences. She has also supervised many postgraguate theses. She is currently the editor of the "internal medicine" section of "The Eurasian Journal of Medicine". The journal is included in the SCI-Expanded database.

    Recep Orbak (Author)
    Professor, Ataturk University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-9291
    3Prof. Dr. Recep Orbak is a distinguished expert in the field of dentistry. After completing his undergraduate education in dentistry, he pursued a PhD in the same field, marking the beginning of his academic career. His areas of specialization include periodontology and oral biology. Throughout his career, he has participated in numerous clinical and research projects, making significant contributions particularly in the fields of gum diseases, implantology, and oral biology. His articles have been published in various scientific journals both nationally and internationally, and he has presented at numerous national and international conferences. Known for his academic achievements and research, Prof. Dr. Recep Orbak has also supervised many master’s and doctoral theses. He currently serves as a faculty member at the Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University. Through his teaching, research, and clinical work, he guides students and colleagues, contributing to the education and training of future professionals in the field of dentistry.

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