Throughout history, humanity has used plants to meet their basic needs and find solutions to health problems. It is known that approximately 500 plant species are preferred for medicinal use in Turkey. Nigella sativa is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. The seeds and oil of this plant are rich in bioactive chemicals such as thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, and dithymoquinone. Research on the effects of nigella sativa on the brain shows that the plant may exert positive effects in the treatment of various central nervous system disorders such as depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy. For this reason, there have been many studies conducted to determine the effects of Nigella sativa and its components, especially its main component, thymoquinone, on neurotoxicity. These studies show that the plant can be a potential alternative in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Therefore, more research should be conducted and human clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the effects of clinical use of Nigella sativa on the nervous system.