Release Date: 2024-01-16

Brevetoxins

Zubeyde Tanriverdi (Author)

Release Date: 2024-01-16

Brevetoxins (BTXs) are potent marine toxins produced by certain microalgae during harmful algal blooms (HABs). These lipophilic polyether compounds, notably PbTx-1 and PbTx-2, primarily affect seafood safety by bioaccumulating in filter-feeding shellfish and finfish. Human exposure to BTXs through contaminated seafood can lead to Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP), causing a range of neurological and gastrointestinal [...]

Media Type
    Buy from

    Price may vary by retailers

    Work TypeBook Chapter
    Published inFood Safety
    First Page147
    Last Page154
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358787.10
    Page Count8
    Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
    Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

    Brevetoxins (BTXs) are potent marine toxins produced by certain microalgae during harmful algal blooms (HABs). These lipophilic polyether compounds, notably PbTx-1 and PbTx-2, primarily affect seafood safety by bioaccumulating in filter-feeding shellfish and finfish. Human exposure to BTXs through contaminated seafood can lead to Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP), causing a range of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. BTXs disrupt nerve and muscle cell function by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, affecting the initiation and propagation of action potentials.
    The occurrence of BTXs in marine environments is influenced by factors such as water temperature, nutrient levels, and oceanographic conditions, which promote HAB formation. Coastal regions, particularly in temperate and subtropical zones, are susceptible to these blooms, impacting seafood safety and ecosystem health. Detection of BTXs in seafood presents challenges due to their heat stability and lack of taste or odor, necessitating specialized testing methods like LC-MS and ELISA for accurate quantification.
    Regulatory agencies set maximum allowable levels for BTXs in seafood to mitigate health risks, supported by monitoring programs and industry standards. Prevention strategies include early HAB detection, closure of affected harvesting areas, and rigorous seafood processing protocols to ensure consumer safety. Continued research and innovation in BTX detection and mitigation are essential for enhancing food safety measures globally.

    Zubeyde Tanriverdi (Author)
    Assistant Professor, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-181X
    3Assistant Professor Zübeyde Tanrıverdi is a scientist with a master’s and PhD in pharmaceutical toxicology. Her research has focused on the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, diabetes, and various dermatological diseases. She has also researched the pharmacological and toxicological effects of cannabis, food poisoning, and the prognostic roles of immune system activation, publishing articles in various international journals. Throughout her academic career, Dr. Tanrıverdi has authored several books and book chapters, making significant contributions to the scientific field. She is currently affiliated with the Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology at Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University.

    • Brand LE, Campbell L, Bresnan E. KARENIA: The biology and ecology of a toxic genus. Harmful Algae. 2012; 14:156-178

    • Baden DG, Bourdelais AJ, Jacocks H, Michelliza S, Naar J. Natural and derivative brevetoxins: historical background, multiplicity, and effects. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113:621-625.

    • Plakas SM, Dickey RW. Advances in monitoring and toxicity assessment of brevetoxins in molluscan shellfish. Toxicon. 2010; 56:137-149.

    • Abraham A, Flewelling LJ, El Said KR, Odom W, Geiger SP, Granholm AA, Jackson JT, Bodager D. An occurrence of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning by consumption of gastropods contaminated with brevetoxins. Toxicon. 2021; 191:9-17.

    • Watkins SM, Reich A, Fleming LE, Hammond R. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Mar Drugs. 2008; 6:431-55.

    • Patel SS, Lovko VJ, Lockey RF. Red Tide: Overview and Clinical Manifestations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020; 8:1219-1223.

    • Konoki K, Baden DG, Scheuer T, Catterall WA. Molecular Determinants of Brevetoxin Binding to Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Toxins (Basel). 2019; 11:513.

    • Wang J, Li R, Liu B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Occurrence and distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the coastal seawater of Southeast China and the South China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull. 2023; 187:114584.

    • Javaruski J, Adhikari PL, Muller J, Parsons ML. Preservation of brevetoxins in Southwest Florida coastal sediments. Harmful Algae. 2022; 114:102222.

    • Li J, Ruan Y, Mak YL, Zhang X, Lam JCW, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Occurrence and Trophodynamics of Marine Lipophilic Phycotoxins in a Subtropical Marine Food Web. Environ Sci Technol. 2021; 55:8829-8838.

    • Oller-Ruiz A, Alcaraz-Oliver N, Férez G, Gilabert J. Measuring Marine Biotoxins in a Hypersaline Coastal Lagoon. Toxins (Basel). 2023; 15:526.

    • Vianney MH, Sébastien OK, Kafoumba B, Dangui D, Olivier K. Assessment of the health risks associated with the consumption of bivalve mollusks potentially contaminated with phycotoxins from the coastal ecosystem of the Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire. Environ Monit Assess. 2024; 196:259.

    • Fang L, Qiu F. Determination of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry coupled with dispersive solid phase extraction. Heliyon. 2023; 9:e21610.

    • Cunningham BR, Coleman RM, Schaefer AM, Hamelin EI, Johnson RC. Detection of Brevetoxin in Human Plasma by ELISA. J Anal Toxicol. 2022; 46:322-327.

    • Otero P, Silva M. Emerging Marine Biotoxins in European Waters: Potential Risks and Analytical Challenges. Mar Drugs. 2022; 20:199.

    • Amzil Z, Derrien A, Terre Terrillon A, Savar V, Bertin T, Peyrat M, Duval A, Lhaute K, Arnich N, Hort V, Nicolas M. Five Years Monitoring the Emergence of Unregulated Toxins in Shellfish in France (EMERGTOX 2018-2022). Mar Drugs. 2023; 21:435.

    • Arnich N, Abadie E, Amzil Z, Dechraoui Bottein MY, Comte K, Chaix E, Delcourt N, Hort V, Mattei C, Molgó J, Le Garrec R. Guidance Level for Brevetoxins in French Shellfish. Mar Drugs. 2021; 19:520.

    • Pierce RH, Henry MS. Harmful algal toxins of the Florida red tide (Karenia brevis): natural chemical stressors in South Florida coastal ecosystems. Ecotoxicology. 2008; 17:623-631.

    • Gu H, Wu Y, Lü S, Lu D, Tang YZ, Qi Y. Emerging harmful algal bloom species over the last four decades in China. Harmful Algae. 2022; 111:102059.

    • Zingone A, Escalera L, Aligizaki K, Fernández-Tejedor M, Ismael A, Montresor M, Mozetič P, Taş S, Totti C. Toxic marine microalgae and noxious blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: A contribution to the Global HAB Status Report. Harmful Algae. 2021; 102:101843.

    • Turner AD, Higgins C, Davidson K, Veszelovszki A, Payne D, Hungerford J, Higman W. Potential threats posed by new or emerging marine biotoxins in UK waters and examination of detection methodology used in their control: brevetoxins. Mar Drugs. 2015; 13:1224-1254.

    onix_3.0::thothThoth ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::project_museProject MUSE ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::oapenOAPEN ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::jstorJSTOR ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::google_booksGoogle Books ONIX 3.0
    onix_3.0::overdriveOverDrive ONIX 3.0
    onix_2.1::ebsco_hostEBSCO Host ONIX 2.1
    csv::thothThoth CSV
    json::thothThoth JSON
    kbart::oclcOCLC KBART
    bibtex::thothThoth BibTeX
    doideposit::crossrefCrossRef DOI deposit
    onix_2.1::proquest_ebraryProQuest Ebrary ONIX 2.1
    marc21record::thothThoth MARC 21 Record
    marc21markup::thothThoth MARC 21 Markup
    marc21xml::thothThoth MARC 21 XML

    Share This Chapter!