Release Date: 2024-01-19

Assessment in Cerebral Palsy

Devrim Can Sarac (Author), Umut Apaydin (Author)

Release Date: 2024-01-19

Appropriate treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is only possible with a proper and accurate assessment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these children in all aspects. The first important parameter in assessment is to make a good observation. With a good observation, many areas of competence and deficiency can be easily identified. It [...]

Media Type

  • PDF

Buy from

Price may vary by retailers

Work TypeBook Chapter
Published inPhysiotherapy and Rehabilitation for Cerebral Palsy
First Page59
Last Page78
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358794.4
ISBN978-605-335-879-4 (PDF)
LanguageENG
Page Count20
Copyright HolderNobel Tıp Kitabevleri
Licensehttps://nobelpub.com/publish-with-us/copyright-and-licensing

Appropriate treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is only possible with a proper and accurate assessment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these children in all aspects. The first important parameter in assessment is to make a good observation. With a good observation, many areas of competence and deficiency can be easily identified. It is also important to take a detailed family and infant history and to analyse the medical history. If there is a medical epicrisis report for the child, it must be examined. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) parameters should be taken into consideration during the evaluation. In terms of ICF, body structure and functions, activity, participation, environmental and personal factors should be the parameters to be considered during the assessment. In this way, it becomes easier to make a comprehensive assessment. The ICF also guides the selection of test batteries to be used for assessment in clinics and research. In terms of body structure, especially muscle tone, range of motion, functionality of muscles and posture are among the parameters to be evaluated. In activity, balance, walking, independence in daily life should be evaluated. In participation, issues such as the quality of life of the child and the family should be at the forefront. Other important considerations that may affect the evaluation parameters are personal and environmental factors. Personal factors should be questioned thoroughly and a detailed history should be taken. Similarly, environmental conditions should be thoroughly evaluated and necessary precautions should be taken. All these factors should be carefully evaluated and the results should be analysed thoroughly. It should not be forgotten that only with a good evaluation can a correct and effective treatment programme be established.

Devrim Can Sarac (Author)
Asst. Prof. Dr., Izmir Katip Celebi University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-7990
3Devrim Can Sarac completed his Bachelor’s degree in Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in 2014. Following his graduation, he worked as a clinical physiotherapist at a private center for approximately one year. In 2016, he began his career as a researcher in the field of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Between 2016 and 2017, he completed his Master’s degree in Orthopedic Rehabilitation, and from 2017 to 2022, he pursued his Doctorate in Rheumatological Rehabilitation. Currently, he serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Izmir Katip Celebi University.

Umut Apaydin (Author)
Asst. Prof. Dr., Karadeniz Technical University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-5870
3He completed his bachelor degree at Hacettepe University which is the best university in medical and health fields in Turkey according to the World University Rankings 2020. He completed his master of science (2016) and PhD (2021) in the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at the Gazi University. His field of master’s education is "Children with Cerebral Palsy". He has focused on early intervention and early diagnosis of infants at risk. He worked in Gazi University as a research assistant between 2014 and 2021. Now, he is working at Karadeniz Technical University as an Assistant Professor. He has high experience in clinics, academic publications, and international projects in the field of infants at risk and their parents. He has 12 years of experience in the clinic and he still continues to support children with special needs and their parents at the Child Neurology Clinic at the Medical Faculty of Karadeniz Technical University. He has specialized in early intervention in academic activities such as book chapters, academic publications, and congress presentations. He worked as a researcher in CP Care, VET for EI projects, and European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) projects. He is also working as a work group member in a COST project code with CA20124. He gives undergraduate and postgraduate courses on early intervention and rehabilitation of individuals with special needs. His primary research focus is on "children with cerebral palsy" “early intervention” “premature infants” “infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy” and “early assessment tools in risky infants”.

  • Akpinar, P., Tezel, C. G., Eliasson, A.-C., & Icagasioglu, A. (2010). Reliability and cross-cultural validation of the Turkish version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 32(23), 1910-1916.

  • Alhusaini, A. A., Dean, C. M., Crosbie, J., Shepherd, R. B., & Lewis, J. (2010). Evaluation of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy using Ashworth and Tardieu Scales compared with laboratory measures. Journal of Child Neurology, 25(10), 1242-1247.

  • Arnould, C., Penta, M., Renders, A., & Thonnard, J.-L. (2004). ABILHAND-Kids: a measure of manual ability in children with cerebral palsy. Neurology, 63(6), 1045- 1052.

  • Ayalon, M., Ben‐Sira, D., Hutzler, Y., & Gilad, T. (2000). Reliability of isokinetic strength measurements of the knee in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 42(6), 398-402.

  • Balmer, G., & MacEwen, G. D. (1970). The incidence and treatment of scoliosis in cerebral palsy. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume, 52(1), 134-137.

  • Baranello, G., Signorini, S., Tinelli, F., Guzzetta, A., Pagliano, E., Rossi, A., Foscan, M., Tramacere, I., Romeo, D. M., & Ricci, D. (2020). Visual Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy: development and validation. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 62(1), 104-110

  • Boyer, E. R., Stout, J. L., Laine, J. C., Gutknecht, S. M., De Oliveira, L. H. A., Munger, M. E., Schwartz, M. H., & Novacheck, T. F. (2018). Long-term outcomes of distal femoral extension osteotomy and patellar tendon advancement in individuals with cerebral palsy. JBJS, 100(1), 31-41

  • Brown, C., Hillman, S., Richardson, A., Herman, J., & Robb, J. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Visual Gait Assessment Scale for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when used by experienced and inexperienced observers. Gait & posture, 27(4), 648-652

  • Carey, H., Martin, K., Combs-Miller, S., & Heathcock, J. C. (2016). Reliability and responsiveness of the timed up and go test in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric physical therapy, 28(4), 401-408.

  • DeMatteo, C., Law, M., Russell, D., Pollock, N., Rosenbaum, P., & Walter, S. (1993). The reliability and validity of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 13(2), 1-18.

  • Eliasson, A.-C., Krumlinde-Sundholm, L., Rösblad, B., Beckung, E., Arner, M., Öhrvall, A.-M., & Rosenbaum, P. (2006). The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 48(7), 549-554.

  • Erden, A., Acar Arslan, E., Dündar, B., Topbaş, M., & Cavlak, U. (2021). Reliability and validity of Turkish version of pediatric balance scale. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 121(3), 669-675.

  • Feldman, A. B., Haley, S. M., & Coryell, J. (1990). Concurrent and construct validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Physical Therapy, 70(10), 602-610.

  • Fowler, E. G., Staudt, L. A., Greenberg, M. B., & Oppenheim, W. L. (2009). Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE): development, validation, and interrater reliability of a clinical tool for patients with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(8), 607-61

  • Graham, H. K., Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Dan, B., Lin, J.-P., Damiano, D. L., Becher, J. G., Gaebler-Spira, D., Colver, A., & Reddihough, D. S. (2016). Erratum: cerebral palsy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2(1), 1-1.

  • Hermansson, L., Sköld, A., & Eliasson, A.-C. (2013). Bimanual Hand-use in Children with Unilateral Hand Dysfunction-Differences Related to Diagnosis Investigated by the Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire. Pediat Therapeut(4), 169. Kadhim, M., Holmes Jr, L., & Miller, F. (2012). Correlation of radiographic and pedobarograph measurements in planovalgus foot deformity. Gait & posture, 36(2), 177-181

  • Katz, K., Rosenthal, A., & Yosipovitch, Z. (1992). Normal ranges of popliteal angle in children. Journal of pediatric orthopaedics, 12(2), 229-231.

  • Mackey, A. H., Lobb, G. L., Walt, S. E., & Stott, N. S. (2003). Reliability and validity of the Observational Gait Scale in children with spastic diplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 45(1), 4-11.

  • Moran, M. F., Sanders, J. O., Sharkey, N. A., & Piazza, S. J. (2004). Effect of attachment site and routing variations in split tendon transfer of tibialis posterior. Journal of pediatric orthopaedics, 24(3), 298-303

  • Palisano, R. J., Rosenbaum, P., Bartlett, D., & Livingston, M. H. (2008). Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(10), 744-750.

  • Persson-Bunke, M., Hägglund, G., Lauge-Pedersen, H., Wagner, P., & Westbom, L. (2012). Scoliosis in a total population of children with cerebral palsy. Spine, 37(12), E708-E713.

  • Read, H., Hazlewood, M., Hillmann, S., Robb, J., & Prescott, R. (2002). A visual gait analysis score for use in cerebral palsy: the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score. Gait Posture, 16, S115-S116.

  • Rethlefsen, S. A., Nguyen, D. T., Wren, T. A., Milewski, M. D., & Kay, R. M. (2015). Knee pain and patellofemoral symptoms in patients with cerebral palsy. Journal of pediatric orthopaedics, 35(5), 519-522.

  • Ryll, U. C., Eliasson, A.-C., Bastiaenen, C. H., & Green, D. (2019). To explore the validity of change scores of the Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 39(2), 168-180

  • Saito, N., Ebara, S., Ohotsuka, K., Kumeta, H., & Takaoka, K. (1998). Natural history of scoliosis in spastic cerebral palsy. The Lancet, 351(9117), 1687-1692.

  • Sellers, D., Mandy, A., Pennington, L., Hankins, M., & Morris, C. (2014). Development and reliability of a system to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 56(3), 245-251.

  • Shore, B. J., White, N., & Kerr Graham, H. (2010). Surgical correction of equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Journal of children’s orthopaedics, 4(4), 277-290.

  • Trost, J. P. (2009). SECTION 3: PATIENT ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW-3.1 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT. Clinics in Developmental Medicine(180), 181.

  • Volpe, J. J. (2008). Neurology of the newborn E-book.

  • Waters, E., Davis, E., Mackinnon, A., Boyd, R., Graham, H. K., Kai Lo, S., Wolfe, R., Stevenson, R., Bjornson, K., & Blair, E. (2007). Psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire for children with CP. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(1), 49-55

  • Westby, C. (2020). The Communication Function Classification System. Word of Mouth, 32(1), 11-13.

  • Wren, T. A., Do, K. P., Hara, R., Dorey, F. J., Kay, R. M., & Otsuka, N. Y. (2007). Gillette Gait Index as a gait analysis summary measure: comparison with qualitative visual assessments of overall gait. Journal of pediatric orthopaedics, 27(7), 765-768.

  • Yam, W. K. L., & Leung, M. S. M. (2006). Interrater reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology, 21(12), 1031-1035.

  • Yildiz, A., Yildiz, R., Celik, H. I., Manzak, O. F., & Elbasan, B. (2022). Construct and discriminative validity and reliability of the Selective Control of the Upper Extremity Scale (SCUES) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38(7), 919-927.

onix_3.0::thothThoth ONIX 3.0
onix_3.0::project_museProject MUSE ONIX 3.0
onix_3.0::oapenOAPEN ONIX 3.0
onix_3.0::jstorJSTOR ONIX 3.0
onix_3.0::google_booksGoogle Books ONIX 3.0
onix_3.0::overdriveOverDrive ONIX 3.0
onix_2.1::ebsco_hostEBSCO Host ONIX 2.1
csv::thothThoth CSV
json::thothThoth JSON
kbart::oclcOCLC KBART
bibtex::thothThoth BibTeX
doideposit::crossrefCrossRef DOI deposit
onix_2.1::proquest_ebraryProQuest Ebrary ONIX 2.1
marc21record::thothThoth MARC 21 Record
marc21markup::thothThoth MARC 21 Markup
marc21xml::thothThoth MARC 21 XML

Share This Chapter!