Depression is a prevalent disorder among children and adolescents, with significant rates of recurrence and suicide risk. The prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder varies by age and geography, with higher rates in adolescents and boys. Symptoms in children include depressed mood, irritability, and academic decline, while genetic and psychosocial factors increase risk. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, CBT, and pharmacotherapy, with SSRIs like fluoxetine being commonly used. Combining pharmacotherapy with CBT is most effective for moderate to severe cases. Resistant cases may require additional strategies such as venlafaxine, antipsychotics, or ECT. Family involvement is crucial for treatment compliance and motivation. Maintenance treatment should continue for 6-12 months post-remission to prevent relapse.