TB remains a global infectious and fatal disease, with children often showing close transmission from adult sources. Diagnosis criteria include family history of contact with TB, positive tuberculin skin test (TST), lung radiology findings, chronic symptoms, and compatible physical examination findings. In countries with high TB prevalence and BCG vaccination, TST values above 10 mm in unvaccinated children and 15 mm in children with BCG vaccination are considered positive. IFN-γ release assays cannot distinguish latent TB infection from TB disease. Diagnosis is difficult in children due to low bacillary load. Treatment for pulmonary TB in children begins with a triple antituberculosis drug therapy regimen, including isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. Treatment lasts for 2 months, followed by a total of 6 months of treatment. Prevention includes protecting infected children with no symptoms or those at risk and unaffected children with BCG vaccination.