Neurological problems such as Alzheimer’s disease and learning and memory disorders are a growing concern today. In the treatment of such disorders, some herbal remedies used by traditional medicine may be a potential solution. In this review, the neurotherapeutic properties of some medicinal plants used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and learning and memory disorders are examined. Herbs such as Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Morinda citrifolia, and Polygala tenuifolia have been found to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties that support brain health. The active components of these plants can improve brain functions by increasing neuronal communication, promoting neuronal plasticity, and stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors. However, more research is needed to better understand the neurotherapeutic effects of these herbs, and their effectiveness needs further confirmation in clinical studies.