Pistachios are widely cultivated in Mediterranean countries but likely originated in Central and Southwest Asia. The Southeastern Anatolia Region is important for pistachio cultivation due to its unique ecological conditions. Pistachios spread from Central Asia to areas such as Afghanistan and Iran, and then to the Mediterranean basin and beyond. Wild pistachio species are found in regions such as Southeastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean area in Türkiye. Türkiye has a large number of wild pistachio trees, but they face threats from factors like logging, grazing, erosion, and construction. In conclusion, pistachios have a long history of cultivation and are important for their economic value and unique characteristics. Türkiye plays a significant role in the genealogy and distribution of pistachio species, making it a crucial region for their conservation and cultivation. Efforts are needed to protect these valuable trees and ensure their sustainability for future generations.