Turkey is one of the gene centres of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Chestnut is widely distributed in Marmara, Aegean and Black Sea regions of Turkey. It is also found locally at some points in the Western Mediterranean Region. Chestnut (Castanea sativa) belonging to the Fagaceae family, which grows naturally in our country, has an important place in afforestation and is of great importance in terms of forest-public relations with the values it provides to the local people. It is important to increase the spread of chestnut, which is a very important export product, in areas suitable for its ecology, and to carry out maintenance and improvement works in the areas where it is located in order to obtain more chestnut fruits In this review, the importance of chestnut (Castanea sativa) in afforestation and the issues to be considered in afforestation are mentioned.