1. Steere AC, Strle F, Wormser GP et al. Lyme borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 2: 16090.
2. Faccini-Martinez AA, Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos CR; Santodomingo AM et al. Historical overview and update on relapsing fever group Borrelia in Latin America. Parasites & Vectors 2022;
15: 196
3. Lopez J, Hovius JW, Bergström S. Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021; 42: 519–550.
4. Barbour AG. Cultivation of Borrelia: A Historical Overview. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. A. 1986;263: 11-14.
5. Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lyme disease-a tick borne spirochetosis? Science 1982; 216: 1317-1319.
6. Haake, DA, Yang, XF. Spirochetes. In: Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2019.
7. Steere AC. Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) Due to Borrelia burgdorferi. In: Bennett J.E., Dolin R., Blaser M.J. eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious
Diseases. 8th edition. Elsevier Saunders; 2015.
8. Barbour AG. Borreliaceae. In: Whitman WB, Rainey F, Kämpfer P, Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, Hedlund B and Dedysh S. editors. Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria.
2018.
9. Talagrand-Reboul E, Boyer PH, Bergstrom S, Vial L, Boulanger N. Relapsing fevers: neglected tick-borne diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018; 8: 98.
10. Cutler SJ. Relapsing fever borreliae: a global review. Clin Lab Med. 2015; 35: 847–65.
11. Cutler S, Vayssier-Taussat M, Estrada-Pena A, Potkonjak A, Mihalca AD, Zeller H. A new Borrelia on the block: Borrelia miyamotoi—a human health risk? Euro Surveill. 2019; 24: 1800170.
12. Warrell DA. Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection). Epidemiol Infect. 2019;147:e106.
13. Elelu N. Tick-borne relapsing fever as a potential veterinary medical problem. Vet Med Sci. 2018; 4: 271–9.
14. Aeschlimann A. Développement embryonnaire d’Ornithodorus moubata (Murray) et transmission transovarienne de Borrelia duttoni. Acta Tropica 1958; 15: 15–64.
15. Cardenas-de la Garza JA, De la Cruz-Valadez E, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Clinical spectrum of Lyme disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 38: 201-208.
16. Guérin M, Shawky M, Zedan A et al. Lyme borreliosis diagnosis: state of the art of improvements and innovations. BMC Microbiol. 2023; 23: 204.
17. Mead PS. Epidemiology of Lyme disease. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2015; 29: 187–210.
18. Fang LQ, Liu K, Li XL et al. Emerging tick-borne infections in mainland China: an increasing public health threat. Lancet Infect Dis 2015; 15: 1467–1479.
19. Lopes FA, Rezende J, Silva D, Alves FCG, Oliveira CE, Costa IPD. Molecular evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients in Brazilian central-western region. Rev Bras Reumatol Eng
Ed. 2017; 57: 641–645.
20. Kar S, Yılmazer N, Akyıldız G et al. The human infesting ticks in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity with reference to a new species for Turkey. Syst Appl Acarol. 2017; 22: 2245.
21. Öncel S. Türkiye’de Lyme Hastalığı. KOU Sag Bil Derg 2018; 4: 103-106.
22. Zoonotik Hastalıklar Hizmetiçi Eğitim Modülü. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Zoonotik Hastalıklar, Başak Matbaacılık ve Tanıtım Hiz. Ltd. Şti., 2011.
23. Akın Belli A, Derviş E, Özbaş Gök S, Midilli K, Gargılı A. Evaluation of 10 cases of Lyme disease presenting with erythema migrans in Istanbul, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2015; 49: 525-31.
24. Steere AC, Strle F, Wormser GP et al. Lyme borreliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2016; 2: 16090.
25. Kurokawa C, Lynn GE, Pedra JHF et al. Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and ticks. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18: 587–600.
26. Strnad M, Rudenko N, Rego ROM. Pathogenicity and virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi. Virulence 2023;14: 2265015.
27. Harman MW, Dunham-Ems SM, Caimano MJ et al. The heterogeneous motility of the Lyme disease spirochete in gelatin mimics dissemination through tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012;
109: 3059–3064.
28. Radolf JD, Strle K, Lemieux JE, Strle F. Lyme Disease in Humans. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021; 42: 333–384.
29. Donta ST, States LJ, Adams WA et al. Report of the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Lyme Disease Subcommittee of the HHS Tick Borne Disease Working Group. Front. Med. 2021; 8:
643235.
30. Rogovskyy AS, Bankhead T. Variable VlsE is critical for host reinfection by the Lyme disease spirochete. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8:e61226.
31. Greenmyer JR, Gaultney RA, Brissette CA, Watt JA. Primary human microglia are phagocytically active and respond to Borrelia burgdorferi with upregulation of chemokines and cytokines.
Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 811.
32. Jakab Á, Kahlig P, Kuenzli E, Neumayr A. Tick borne relapsing fever – a systematic review and analysis of the literature. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022; 16; 16.
33. Kazak E, Yılmaz Helvacı N, Helvacı S. Nöroborelyoz. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013; 39: 137-140.
34. Robinson ML, Kobayashi T, Higgins Y, Calkins H, Melia MT. Lyme carditis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015; 29, 255–268.
35. Zajkowska J, Garkowski A, Moniuszko A et al. Vasculitis and stroke due to Lyme neuroborreliosis – a review. Infect dis (Lond) 2015; 47:1–6.
36. Lenormand C, Jaulhac B, Debarbieux S et al. Expanding the clinicopathological spectrum of late cutaneous Lyme borreliosis (acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans [ACA]): a prospective study
of 20 culture- and/or poLymerase chain reaction (PCR)-documented cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74: 685–692.
37. Stanek G, and Strle F. Lyme borreliosis-from tick bite to diagnosis and treatment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42: 233–258.
38. Trevisan G, Bonin S, Ruscio M. A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis: From Clinical Heterogeneity to Laboratory Methods. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 23: 265.
39. Veinovic G, Cerar T, Strle F, Ruzic-Sabljic E. Influence of MKP medium stored for prolonged periods on growth and morphology of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu stricto. APMIS 2014; 122:230–5.
40. Önal U, Saraç Pektaş F, Sağlık İ. Is There a Role for Dark Field Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Lyme Disease? A Narrative Review. Infectious diseases and clinical microbiology (Online) 2023;
4: 281-286.
41. Lacout A, Mone Y, Franck M et al. Blood cell disruption to significantly improve the Borrelia PCR detection sensitivity in borreliosis in humans. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:1–3.
42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Lyme Disease Diagnosis and Testing. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038469.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Mart
2024)
43. Mead P, Petersen J, Hinckley A. Updated CDC recommendation for serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019; 68: 703.
44. Borchers AT, Keen CL, Huntley AC, Gershwin ME. Lyme disease: a rigorous review of diagnostic criteria and treatment. J Autoinmun 2015; 57: 82–115.
45. Fotso Fotso A, Drancourt M. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tick-Borne African Relapsing Fevers: Latest Developments. Front Public Health. 2015; 3: 254.
46. Koetsveld J, Draga ROP, Wagemakers A, et al. In vitro susceptibility of the relapsing-fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2017; 61(9).
47. Yamano K, Ito T, Kiyanagi K et al. Case report: Clinical features of a case of suspected borrelia miyamotoi disease in Hokkaido, Japan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
2017; 97: 84–7.
48. Binenbaum Y, Ben-Ami R, Baneth G et al. Single dose of doxycycline for the prevention of tick-borne relapsing fever. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; 71:1768– 71.
49. Kahlig P, Neumayr A, Paris DH. Louse-borne relapsing fever—A systematic review and analysis of the literature: Part 2—Mortality, Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction, impact on pregnancy. PLOS
Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021; 15: e0008656.
50. Bézay N, Hochreiter R, Kadlecek V et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel multivalent OspA-based vaccine candidate against Lyme borreliosis: a randomised, phase 1 study in healthy
adults. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023; 23: 1186-1196.