160
İnfluenza Virüs
1. Pepper OHP. Medical etymology: The history and derivation of medical terms for students of medicine, dentistry, and nursing. Philadelphia (PA): W.B. Saunders Company; 1949.
2. Noto R. Ce qu’il faut savoir sur les principales épidémies et pandémies [What you need to know about the main epidemics and pandemics]. Med Catastrophe Urg Collect. 2020;4(3):269-277.
3. Smith W, Andrewes CH, Laidlaw PP. A virus obtained from influenza patients. Lancet. 1933;222(5732):66-68. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78541-2.
4. Shope RE. Swine influenza: I. Experimental transmission and pathology. J Exp Med. 1931;54(3):349-359. doi:10.1084/jem.54.3.349.
5. Taubenberger JK, Kash JC, Morens DM. The 1918 influenza pandemic: 100 years of questions answered and unanswered. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(502):eaau5485. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.
aau5485.
6. Hsieh YC, Wu TZ, Liu DP, et al. Influenza pandemics: past, present and future. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006;105(1):1-6. doi:10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60102-9.
7. Farley MM. 2009 H1N1 influenza: a twenty-first century pandemic with roots in the early twentieth century. Am J Med Sci. 2010;340(3):202-208. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181e937b0.
8. Tanner WD, Toth DJ, Gundlapalli AV. The pandemic potential of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: a review. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(16):3359-3374. doi:10.1017/S0950268815001570.
9. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. What is the pandemic potential of avian influenza A(H5N1)? Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(5):437. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00238-X.
10. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Master Species List. Available from: https://ictv.global/msl Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025
11. Özhan HK, Meşe S. İnfluenza virüsleri. İçinde: Ağaçfidan A, editör. Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2023. s. 720-735
12. Carter T, Iqbal M. The influenza A virus replication cycle: a comprehensive review. Viruses. 2024;16(2):316. doi:10.3390/v16020316.
13. Uyeki TM, Hui DS, Zambon M, Wentworth DE, Monto AS. Influenza. Lancet. 2022;400(10353):693-706. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00982-5.
14. Sederdahl BK, Williams JV. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of influenza C virus. Viruses. 2020;12(1):89. doi:10.3390/v12010089.
15. Sreenivasan CC, Sheng Z, Wang D, Li F. Host range, biology, and species specificity of seven-segmented influenza viruses: a comparative review on influenza C and D. Pathogens.
2021;10(12):1583. doi:10.3390/pathogens10121583.
16. Jakob C, Paul-Stansilaus R, Schwemmle M, Marquet R, Bolte H. The influenza A virus genome packaging network: complex, flexible and yet unsolved. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(16):9023-
9038. doi:10.1093/nar/gkac688.
17. Nuwarda RF, Alharbi AA, Kayser V. An overview of influenza viruses and vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(9):1032. doi:10.3390/vaccines9091032.
18. Krammer F, Smith GJD, Fouchier RAM, Peiris M, Kedzierska K, Doherty PC, et al. Influenza. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):3. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0002-y.
19. Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML. Modulation of innate immune responses by the influenza A NS1 and PA-X proteins. Viruses. 2018;10(12):708. doi:10.3390/
v10120708.
20. Kawasaki Y, Abe H, Yasuda J. Comparison of genome replication fidelity between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in cell culture. Sci Rep. 2023;13:13105. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40463-4.
21. Petrova VN, Russell CA. The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16(1):47-60. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.118.
22. Valesano AL, Fitzsimmons WJ, McCrone JT, Petrie JG, Monto AS, Martin ET, Lauring AS. Influenza B viruses exhibit lower within-host diversity than influenza A viruses in human hosts. J
Virol. 2020;94(5):e01710-19. doi:10.1128/JVI.01710-19.
23. Paules C, Subbarao K. Influenza. Lancet. 2017;390(10095):697-708. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30129-0.
24. Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, Englund JA, File TM, Fry AM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment,
chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(6):895-902. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy874.
25. World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza (seasonal). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal) Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Types of influenza viruses. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses-types.html Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025
27. Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Lierz M. Zoonotic animal influenza viruses and potential mixing interface with human influenza. Viruses. 2023;15(5):1107. doi:10.3390/v15051107.
28. Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus OG, et al. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009;459(7250):1122-
1125. doi:10.1038/nature08182.
29. World Health Organization (WHO). Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2024-2025 northern hemisphere influenza season. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.
int/publications/m/item/recommended-composition-of-influenza-virus-vaccines-for-use-in-the-2024-2025-northern-hemisphere-influenza-season Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025
30. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Global influenza surveillance factsheet. Erişim adresi: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/surveillance-and-di-
sease-data/facts-global-surveillance Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025
31. Dunning J, Thwaites RS, Openshaw PJM. Seasonal and pandemic influenza: 100 years of progress, still much to learn. Mucosal Immunol. 2020;13(4):566-573. doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0287-5.
32. Morris DE, Cleary DW, Clarke SC. Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1041. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01041.
33. Prasso JE, Deng JC. Postviral complications: bacterial pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 2017;38(1):127-138. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.006.
34. Gu Y, Zuo X, Zhang S, Ouyang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Wang G. The mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storm. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1362. doi:10.3390/v13071362.
35. Chow EJ, Doyle JD, Uyeki TM. Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):214. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2491-9.
36. Krammer F. The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19(6):383-397. doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0143-6.
37. Tsang TK, Cowling BJ, Fang VJ, Chan KH, Ip DK, Leung GM, et al. Influenza A virus shedding and infectivity in households. J Infect Dis. 2015;212(9):1420-1428. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv225.
38. Ng S, Lopez R, Kuan G, Gresh L, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Gordon A. The timeline of influenza virus shedding in children and adults in a household transmission study of influenza in Managua,
Nicaragua. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(5):583-586. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001083.
39. Majava E, Renko M, Kuitunen I. Benign acute childhood myositis: a scoping review of clinical presentation and viral etiology. Eur J Pediatr. 2024;183(11):4641-4647. doi:10.1007/s00431-024-
05786-y.
40. Matsumoto K, Hasegawa S, Nakao S, Shimada K, Mukai R, Tanaka M, et al. Assessment of Reye’s syndrome profile using the FDA and Japanese adverse event reporting systems. SAGE Open
Med. 2020;8:2050312120974176. doi:10.1177/2050312120974176.
41. Bruning AHL, Leeflang MMG, Vos JMBW, Spijker R, de Jong MD, Wolthers KC, Pajkrt D. Rapid tests for influenza, RSV, and other respiratory viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(6):1026-1033. doi:10.1093/cid/cix461.
42. Meşe S. Grip aşısı gerçekten önemli midir? İçinde: Badur S, Özdemir H, editörler. 30 Soruda Aile Hekimleri İçin Aşı. İstanbul: Selen Yayıncılık; 2023. s. 291-310.
43. Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Heneghan CJ. Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory
comments. BMJ. 2014;348:g2545. doi:10.1136/bmj.g2545.
44. Govorkova EA, Takashita E, Daniels RS, Fujisaki S, Presser LD, Patel MC, et al. Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-de-
pendent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2018-2020. Antiviral Res. 2022;200:105281. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105281.
45. Lampejo T. Influenza and antiviral resistance: an overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(7):1201-1208. doi:10.1007/s10096-020-03840-9.
46. Hayden FG, Sugaya N, Hirotsu N, Lee N, de Jong MD, Hurt AC, et al. Baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(10):913-923.
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1716197.
47. Ikematsu H, Hayden FG, Kawaguchi K, Kinoshita M, de Jong MD, Lee N, et al. Baloxavir marboxil for prophylaxis against influenza in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(4):309-320.
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1915341.
48. Grohskopf LA, Blanton LH, Ferdinands JM, et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: ACIP recommendations—United States, 2024-25. MMWR Recomm Rep.
2024;73(RR-5):1-25. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/rr/rr7305a1.htm.
49. Trombetta CM, Kistner O, Montomoli E, Viviani S, Marchi S. Influenza viruses and vaccines: the role of vaccine effectiveness studies for evaluation of the benefits of influenza vaccines. Vac-
cines (Basel). 2022;10(5):714. doi:10.3390/vaccines10050714.
50. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Haftalık influenza (grip) sürveyans raporu, 2023-51. Erişim adresi: https://grip.saglik.gov.tr/depo/influenza-raporu/2024/Haftalik_Influenza_Grip_Surveyans_Rapo-
ru_2023_51._Hafta_9a822.pdf Erişim tarihi: 20 Ekim 2025
