1. Papp-Wallace KM, Endimiani A, Taracila MA, Bonomo RA. Carbapenems: past, present, and future. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Nov;55(11):4943-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00296-11.
2. Núñez LE, Méndez C, Braña AF, Blanco G, Salas JA. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the beta-lactam carbapenem thienamycin in Streptomyces cattleya. Chem Biol. 2003 Apr;10(4):301-11.
doi: 10.1016/s1074-5521(03)00069-3. PMID: 12725858.
3. Miyadera T, Sugimura Y, Hashimoto T, Tanaka T, Iino K, Shibata T, Sugawara S. Synthesis and in vitro activity of a new carbapenem, RS-533. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1983 Aug;36(8):1034-9.
4. Frase H, Shi Q, Testero SA, Mobashery S, Vakulenko SB. Mechanistic basis for the emergence of catalytic competence against carbapenem antibiotics by the GES family of beta-lactamases. J
Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 23;284(43):29509-13.
5. Martínez-Martínez L. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the permeability barrier. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008 Jan;14 Suppl 1:82-9.
6. van Dam V, Olrichs N, Breukink E. Specific labeling of peptidoglycan precursors as a tool for bacterial cell wall studies. Chembiochem. 2009 Mar 2;10(4):617-24.
7. Bassetti M, Nicolini L, Esposito S, Righi E, Viscoli C. Current status of newer carbapenems. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(5):564-75.
8. Nix DE, Majumdar AK, DiNubile MJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ertapenem: an overview for clinicians. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Jun;53 Suppl 2:ii23-8. doi: 10.1093/
jac/dkh205. PMID: 15150180.
9. Oliver A, Levin BR, Juan C, Baquero F, Blázquez J. Hypermutation and the preexistence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants: implications for susceptibility testing and
treatment of chronic infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Nov;48(11):4226-33. doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.11.4226-4233.2004. PMID: 15504845; PMCID: PMC525420.
10. Mandell L. Doripenem: a new carbapenem in the treatment of nosocomial infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Aug 15;49 Suppl 1:S1-3. doi: 10.1086/599809. PMID: 19619016.
11. Queenan AM, Shang W, Flamm R, Bush K. Hydrolysis and inhibition profiles of beta-lactamases from molecular classes A to D with doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem. Antimicrob
Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):565-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01004-09. Epub 2009 Nov 2. PMID: 19884379; PMCID: PMC2798497.
12. Hugonnet JE, Tremblay LW, Boshoff HI, Barry CE 3rd, Blanchard JS. Meropenem-clavulanate is effective against extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science. 2009 Feb
27;323(5918):1215-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1167498. PMID: 19251630; PMCID: PMC2679150.
13. Bhowmick T, Weinstein MP. Microbiology of Meropenem-Vaborbactam: A Novel Carbapenem Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infecti-
ons. Infect Dis Ther. 2020 Dec;9(4):757-767. doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00350-1. Epub 2020 Oct 5. PMID: 33017041; PMCID: PMC7680474.
14. Balke B, Hogardt M, Schmoldt S, Hoy L, Weissbrodt H, Häussler S. Evaluation of the E test for the assessment of synergy of antibiotic combinations against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeru-
ginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Jan;25(1):25-30. doi: 10.1007/s10096-005-0076-9. PMID: 16402226.
15. Perry CM, Ibbotson T. Biapenem. Drugs. 2002;62(15):2221-34; discussion 2235. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200262150-00005. PMID: 12381221.
16. Isoda T, Ushirogochi H, Satoh K, Takasaki T, Yamamura I, Sato C, Mihira A, Abe T, Tamai S, Yamamoto S, Kumagai T, Nagao Y. Syntheses and pharmacokinetic studies of prodrug esters for
the development of oral carbapenem, L-084. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;59(4):241-7. doi: 10.1038/ja.2006.34. PMID: 16830892.
17. Miyazaki S, Hosoyama T, Furuya N, Ishii Y, Matsumoto T, Ohno A, Tateda K, Yamaguchi K. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of L-084, a novel oral carbapenem, against causative
organisms of respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Jan;45(1):203-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.1.203-207.2001. PMID: 11120966; PMCID: PMC90261.
18. Codjoe FS, Donkor ES. Carbapenem Resistance: A Review. Med Sci (Basel). 2017 Dec 21;6(1):1. doi: 10.3390/medsci6010001. PMID: 29267233; PMCID: PMC5872158.
19. Meletis G, Vavatsi N, Exindari M, Protonotariou E, Sianou E, Haitoglou C, Sofianou D, Pournaras S, Diza E. Accumulation of carbapenem resistance mechanisms in VIM-2-producing Pseu-
domonas aeruginosa under selective pressure. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;33(2):253-8. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1952-3. Epub 2013 Sep 6. PMID: 24062236.
20. Pitout JD, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Key Pathogen Set for Global Nosocomial Dominance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015
Oct;59(10):5873-84. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01019-15. Epub 2015 Jul 13. PMID: 26169401; PMCID: PMC4576115.
21. Armstrong T, Fenn SJ, Hardie KR. JMM Profile: Carbapenems: a broad-spectrum antibiotic. J Med Microbiol. 2021 Dec;70(12):001462. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001462. PMID: 34889726; PM-
CID: PMC8744278.
22. Sutter R, Rüegg S, Tschudin-Sutter S. Seizures as adverse events of antibiotic drugs: A systematic review. Neurology. 2015 Oct 13;85(15):1332-41. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002023. Epub
2015 Sep 23. PMID: 26400582.
23. Giske C. G., Buaro L., Sundsfjord A., Wretlind B. 2008. Alterations of porin, pumps, and penicillin-binding proteins in carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Microb. Drug Resist. 14:23–30
24. Mahamoud A., Chevalier J., Baitiche M., Adam E., Pages J. M. 2010. An alkylaminoquinazoline restores antibiotic activity in Gram-negative resistant isolates. Microbiology 157:566–571
25. Rodriguez-Martinez J. M., Poirel L., Nordmann P. 2009. Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
53:4783–4788
26. Abbanat D., Morrow B., Bush K. 2008. New agents in development for the treatment of bacterial infections. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 8:582–592
27. Bayes M., Rabasseda X., Prous J. R. 2007. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 29:697–735
28. Jacqueline C., et al. 2005. In vitro and in vivo synergistic activities of linezolid combined with subinhibitory concentrations of imipenem against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:45–51
29. Kattan J. N., Villegas M. V., Quinn J. P. 2008. New developments in carbapenems. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14:1102–1111
30. Isoda T., et al. 2006. Syntheses and pharmacokinetic studies of prodrug esters for the development of oral carbapenem, L-084. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo). 59:241–247
31. Kuroki H., Tateno N., Ikeda H., Saito N. 2010. Investigation of pneumonia-causing pathogenic organisms in children and the usefulness of tebipenem pivoxil for their treatment. J. Infect.
Chemother. 16:280–287
32. Cuffini A. M., et al. 1998. Entry of sanfetrinem into human polymorphonuclear granulocytes and its cell-associated activity against intracellular, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumo-
niae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1745–1750
33. Finberg, R.W., Guharoy, R. (2012). Monobactams. In: Clinical Use of Anti-infective Agents. Springer, New York, NY.
34. Brewer NS, Hellinger WC. The monobactams. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991 Nov;66(11):1152-7. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65797-8. PMID: 1943248