This chapter delves into the diagnostic process of Alzheimer’s disease, emphasizing the various limitations and challenges in achieving accurate diagnoses. It begins by reviewing the traditional diagnostic criteria, which typically include clinical assessments, cognitive tests, and evaluation of medical history. These methods, while foundational, often present challenges in distinguishing Alzheimer’s from other forms of dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease. The section then explores the latest advancements in clinical assessment tools that have significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Neuroimaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans are highlighted for their ability to detect structural and functional changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s. MRI scans provide detailed images of brain anatomy, allowing for the identification of atrophy in specific brain regions, while PET scans can measure metabolic activity and detect amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which are hallmark features of Alzheimer’s pathology. In summary, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic process for Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting both traditional methods and cutting-edge advancements. It underscores the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic tools to improve accuracy and discusses how recent discoveries in genomics are paving the way for early detection and personalized medicine in the fight against Alzheimer’s.