In the globalizing world, food safety and food-borne pathogenic microorganisms are among the important public health problems. There are more than 250 known foodborne diseases and many different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals and prions that cause these diseases. Toxic molecules generated by bacteria, whether within or outside the organisms, are commonly referred to as “toxins”. Toxins serve as the primary virulence factors generated by a multitude of bacteria responsible for causing severe illnesses in both humans and animals. Toxins are the primary bacterial component leading to health problems. This chapter provides information about bacterial toxins.